Trial reportPloS one2012
Effects of meal frequency on metabolic profiles and substrate partitioning in lean healthy males.
Trial report in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01034293 (Effect of Feeding Frequency on Glucose and Insulin Metabolism and Substrate Partitioning), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Feeding Frequency on Glucose and Insulin Metabolism and Substrate Partitioning
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Objective and subjective appetite measures: high versus low eating frequency in a randomized crossover clinical trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Effect of multi-strain probiotics (multi-strain microbial cell preparation) on glycemic control and other diabetes-related outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Postprandial changes in cardiometabolic disease risk in young Chinese men following isocaloric high or low protein diets, stratified by either high or low meal frequency - a randomized controlled crossover trial.Nutrition journal · 2016Trial
- Association between Eating-Fasting and Sleep-Wake Cycles with Eating Times and Food Consumption throughout the Day: Longitudinal Study with Pregnant Women.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- Effect of probiotic supplementation on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double blind clinical controlled trial.Nutrition & metabolism · 2024Article
- Review
- Meal Timing and Sleeping Energy Metabolism.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Frequency of Eating in the US Population: A Narrative Review of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report.Current developments in nutrition · 2022Article
- The associations between health-related physical fitness and fasting blood glucose in war veterans: a population-based study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Article
- Associations of Number of Daily Eating Occasions with Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial.Current developments in nutrition · 2020Article
- Intermittent Fasting for Twelve Weeks Leads to Increases in Fat Mass and Hyperinsulinemia in Young Female Wistar Rats.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Meal timing, meal frequency, and breakfast skipping in adult individuals with type 1 diabetes - associations with glycaemic control.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Rationale and design of the frequency of eating and Satiety Hormones (FRESH) study: A randomized cross-over clinical trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2019Article
- An Ultradian Feeding Schedule in Rats Affects Metabolic Gene Expression in Liver, Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle with Only Mild Effects on Circadian Clocks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Influence of dietary macronutrients on liver fat accumulation and metabolism.Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe daily number of meals has an effect on postprandial glucose and insulin responses, which may affect substrate partitioning and thus weight control. This study investigated the effects of meal frequency on 24 h profiles of metabolic markers and substrate partitioning.
methodsTwelve (BMI:21.6 ± 0.6 kg/m(2)) healthy male subjects stayed after 3 days of food intake and physical activity standardization 2 × 36 hours in a respiration chamber to measure substrate partitioning. All subjects randomly received two isoenergetic diets with a Low meal Frequency (3 ×; LFr) or a High meal Frequency (14 ×; HFr) consisting of 15 En% protein, 30 En% fat, and 55 En% carbohydrates. Blood was sampled at fixed time points during the day to measure metabolic markers and satiety hormones.
resultsGlucose and insulin profiles showed greater fluctuations, but a lower AUC of glucose in the LFr diet compared with the HFr diet. No differences between the frequency diets were observed on fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Though, protein oxidation and RMR (in this case SMR + DIT) were significantly increased in the LFr diet compared with the HFr diet. The LFr diet increased satiety and reduced hunger ratings compared with the HFr diet during the day.
conclusionThe higher rise and subsequently fall of insulin in the LFr diet did not lead to a higher fat oxidation as hypothesized. The LFr diet decreased glucose levels throughout the day (AUC) indicating glycemic improvements. RMR and appetite control increased in the LFr diet, which can be relevant for body weight control on the long term.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01034293.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.