ArticlePloS one2012
Retinal astrocytes pretreated with NOD2 and TLR2 ligands activate uveitogenic T cells.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Host immune responses in the central nervous system during fungal infections.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Review
- Damage-associated Molecular Patterns in Clinical and Animal Models of Uveitis.Ocular immunology and inflammation · 2022Article
- Short chain fatty acids inhibit endotoxin-induced uveitis and inflammatory responses of retinal astrocytes.Experimental eye research · 2021Article
- Article
- T cell-intrinsic role for Nod2 in protection against Th17-mediated uveitis.Nature communications · 2020Article
- AAVProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Local S100A8 Levels Correlate With Recurrence of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis and Promote Pathogenic T Cell Activity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2018Article
- Expression of TLR2, NOD1, and NOD2 and the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells of Male versus Female Mice.Nephron · 2017Article
- HMGB1 is an early and critical mediator in an animal model of uveitis induced by IRBP-specific T cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2014Article
- Glial modulators as potential treatments of psychostimulant abuse.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2014Review
- Exosomes from retinal astrocytes contain antiangiogenic components that inhibit laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
- Immune players in the CNS: the astrocyte.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2013Review
- Danger signals in the initiation of the inflammatory response after myocardial infarction.Mediators of inflammation · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
On entering the tissues, infiltrating autoreactive T cells must be reactivated locally to gain pathogenic activity. We have previously reported that, when activated by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 ligands, retinal astrocytes (RACs) are able to function as antigen-presenting cells to re-activate uveitogenic T cells and allow responder T cells to induce uveitis in mice. In the present study, we found that, although the triggering of TLR2 or nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptor 2 (NOD2) alone did not activate RACs, their combined triggering induced RACs with the phenotypes required to efficiently re-activate interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)-specific T cells. The synergistic effect of TLR2 and NOD2 ligands on RAC activation might be explained by the observations that bacterial lipoprotein (BLP, a TLR2 ligand) was able to upregulate NOD2 expression and the combination of BLP and muramyldipeptide (MDP, a NOD2 ligand) enhanced the expression of RICK (Rip2), the signaling molecule of NOD2. Moreover, the synergistic effect of MDP and BLP on RACs was lost when the RACs were derived from NOD2 knockout mice or were pre-treated with Rip2 antagonist. Thus, our data suggest that exogenous or endogenous molecules acting on both TLR2 and NOD2 on RACs might have an enhancing effect on susceptibility to autoimmune uveitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.