Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2012
Metabolic syndrome before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burden of metabolic syndrome in the global adult HIV-infected population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Association between integrase strand transfer inhibitor use with insulin resistance and incident diabetes mellitus in persons living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of the Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in the Global HIV-Infected Population.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Prevalence of non-HIV cancer risk factors in persons living with HIV/AIDS: a meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Pooled it
- Comparison of the metabolic effects of ritonavir-boosted darunavir or atazanavir versus raltegravir, and the impact of ritonavir plasma exposure: ACTG 5257.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Impact of randomized antiretroviral therapy initiation on glucose metabolism.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Trial
- Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on first-line antiretroviral therapy in scarce-resource settings: an evidence from Tanzanian facility-based survey.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Metabolic syndrome among a Ghanaian cohort living with HIV initiated on dolutegravir in a real-world setting: a prospective study.BMJ open · 2025Observational
- Prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV in a medical center of Northern Taiwan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- IFIH1 (MDA5) is required for innate immune detection of intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- IFIH1 (MDA5) is required for innate immune detection of intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Mechanisms underlying HIV-associated cognitive impairment and emerging therapies for its management.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in People With HIV Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy at a High-Volume HIV Clinic in Kampala, Uganda.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Evidence gaps on weight gain in people living with HIV: a scoping review to define a research agenda.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Blood glucose trajectories and incidence of diabetes mellitus in Ugandan people living with HIV initiated on dolutegravir.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2021Review
- Prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome in HIV-infected persons: a systematic review.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2020Review
- Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome and 5-Year Cardiovascular Risk Estimates among HIV-Positive Individuals from an Indian Tertiary Care Hospital.AIDS research and treatment · 2020Article
- Risk of diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: A nationwide population-based study.Medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, many of which are associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART). We examined prevalence and incidence of MetS and risk factors for MetS in ART-naive HIV-infected individuals starting ART.
methodsMetS, defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, was assessed at and after ART initiation in HIV-infected individuals who enrolled in selected AIDS Clinical Trials Group trials and were followed long-term after these trials as part of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Longitudinal Linked Randomized Trials cohort. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine risk factors of incident MetS. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported.
resultsAt ART initiation, the prevalence of MetS was 20%. After ART initiation, the incidence of MetS was 8.5 per 100 person-years. After adjusting for demographics and body mass index, the risk of MetS was decreased for CD4+ T-cell counts >50 cells per cubic millimeter (aHR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.90 for CD4 >500), and the risk was increased for HIV-1 RNA >400 copies per milliliter (aHR = 1.55 (95% CI = 1.25 to 1.92) and use of a protease-inhibitor (PI)-based regimen [relative to no PI use, aHR = 1.25 (95% CI = 1.04 to 1.51) for any PI use].
conclusionsIn HIV-infected individuals on ART, virologic suppression and maintenance of high CD4+ T-cell counts may be potentially modifiable factors that can reduce the risk of MetS. The effect of MetS on the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes needs to be evaluated.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.