Trial reportJournal of diabetes science and technology2012
Pharmacokinetics and postprandial glycemic excursions following insulin lispro delivered by intradermal microneedle or subcutaneous infusion.
Trial report in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comprehensive evaluation of microneedle-based intradermal adalimumab delivery vs. subcutaneous administration: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Improved Insulin Pharmacokinetics Using a Novel Microneedle Device for Intradermal Delivery in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2016Trial
- Evaluation of Intradermal and Subcutaneous Infusion Set Performance Under 24-Hour Basal and Bolus Conditions.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2015Trial
- Intradermal insulin infusion achieves faster insulin action than subcutaneous infusion for 3-day wear.Drug delivery and translational research · 2015Trial
- Improved Postprandial Glucose Control Using the InsuPad Device in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: Injection Site Warming to Improve Glycemic Control.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2015Trial
- Microneedle-Assisted Delivery of Biologics: From Large Molecules to Cancer Vaccines.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Effectiveness, safety, and preference of transdermal insulin compared to subcutaneous insulin in the treatment of diabetes patients: a systematic review of clinical trials.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Review
- Designing a Placebo Microneedle Stamp: Modeling and Validation in a Clinical Control Trial.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Needle Technology for Insulin Administration: A Century of Innovation.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Review
- Microneedle-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Microneedle-based insulin transdermal delivery system: current status and translation challenges.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Review
- Transdermal Drug Delivery in the Pig Skin.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- The Current Status of Clinical Research Involving Microneedles: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Evaluating the Impact of Human Factors and Pen Needle Design on Insulin Pen Injection.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2019Article
- Pharmacokinetic Model of the Transport of Fast-Acting Insulin From the Subcutaneous and Intradermal Spaces to Blood.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2015Article
- Insulin administration: present strategies and future directions for a noninvasive (possibly more physiological) delivery.Drug design, development and therapy · 2015Review
- Reliability and accuracy of intradermal injection by Mantoux technique, hypodermic needle adapter, and hollow microneedle in pigs.Drug delivery and translational research · 2014Article
- Faster in and faster out: accelerating insulin absorption and action by insulin infusion site warming.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2014Article
- Ultrafast-acting insulins: state of the art.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIntradermal (ID) delivery has been shown to accelerate insulin pharmacokinetics (PK). We compared the PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of insulin lispro administered before two daily standardized solid mixed meals (breakfast and lunch), using microneedle-based ID or traditional subcutaneous (SC) delivery.
methodThe study included 22 subjects with type 1 diabetes in an eight-arm full crossover block design. One arm established each subject's optimal meal dose. In six additional arms, the optimal, higher, and lower doses (+30%, -30%) were each given ID and SC delivery, in random order. The final arm assessed earlier timing for the ID optimal dose (-12 versus -2 min). The PK/PD data were collected for 6 h following meals. Intravenous basal regular insulin was given throughout, and premeal blood glucose (BG) adjusted to 115 mg/dl.
resultsThe primary end point, postprandial time in range (70-180 mg/dl), showed no route-based differences with a high level of overall BG control for both SC and ID delivery. Secondary insulin PK end points showed more rapid ID availability versus SC across doses and meals (∆Tmax -16 min, ∆T50rising -7 min, ∆T50falling -30 min, all p < .05). Both intrasubject and intersubject variability for ID Tmax were significantly lower. Intradermal delivery showed modest, statistically significant secondary PD differences across doses and meals, generally within 90-120 min postprandially (∆12 mg/dl BG at 90 min, ∆7 mg/dl BGmax, ∆7 mg/dl mean BG 0-2 h, all p < .05).
conclusionsThis study indicates that ID insulin delivery is superior to SC delivery in speed of systemic availability and PK consistency and may improve postprandial glucose control.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.