SynthesisThe British journal of surgery2012
Systematic review of the efficacy of cilostazol, naftidrofuryl oxalate and pentoxifylline for the treatment of intermittent claudication.
Synthesis in The British journal of surgery, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03883412 (Effect of Exercise and/or Liraglutide on Vascular Dysfunction and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Exercise and/or Liraglutide on Vascular Dysfunction and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes ( ZQL007)
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cilostazol for intermittent claudication.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Dealing with missing standard deviation and mean values in meta-analysis of continuous outcomes: a systematic review.BMC medical research methodology · 2018Pooled it
- Exercise training for intermittent claudication.Journal of vascular surgery · 2017Pooled it
- The Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Vascular Disease.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2016Guideline
- Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Cilostazol for intermittent claudication.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Functional electrical stimulation improves quality of life by reducing intermittent claudication.International journal of cardiology · 2017Trial
- Home-based walking exercise intervention in peripheral artery disease: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA · 2013Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy with Cilostazol and Rosuvastatin in Patients with Symptomatic Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Article
- Revascularization Enhances Walking Dynamics in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.Applied mechanics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clinical management of peripheral arterial disease in chronic kidney disease-a comprehensive review from the European Renal Association CKD-MBD Working Group.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- Overview and comparison of contemporary Society for Vascular Surgery, American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology, and European Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines for the management of patients with intermittent claudication.Seminars in vascular surgery · 2024Review
- Ruanjian Qingmai Granules for the Treatment of Early Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Protocol.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Concise Review for Clinicians.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A comparison of the perceptions of wearing an ankle foot orthosis by individuals with peripheral artery disease according to their baseline-level of physical activity.Journal of bodywork and movement therapies · 2023Article
- Perspectives of PDE inhibitor on treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Primary care approach to calf cramps.Singapore medical journal · 2022Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Considerations for Implementation of an Ankle-Foot Orthosis to Improve Mobility in Peripheral Artery Disease.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to consider the evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of placebo, cilostazol, naftidrofuryl oxalate and pentoxifylline in patients with intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
methodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Conference Proceedings, BIOSIS, National Research Register and MetaRegister databases were searched. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and published systematic reviews of patients with intermittent claudication due to PAD and whose symptoms persisted despite a period of conservative management. Study selection was conducted by one reviewer with involvement from a clinician. Data were extracted by one reviewer with no blinding to authors or journal, and checked by a second reviewer. Outcome measures were maximum walking distance (MWD) and pain-free walking distance (PFWD).
resultsThe review identified 1876 citations; 26 RCTs met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Eleven trials provided data relevant for the meta-analysis. Naftidrofuryl oxalate was ranked first for both MWD and PFWD (probability of 0·947 and 0·987, respectively, of being the best treatment) followed by cilostazol and pentoxifylline. For naftidrofuryl oxalate, cilostazol and pentoxifylline, MWD increased by 60 (95 per cent credible interval 20 to 114) per cent, 25 (11 to 40) per cent and 11 (-1 to 24) per cent respectively relative to placebo, and PFWD increased by 49, 13 and 9 per cent.
conclusionNaftidrofuryl oxalate and cilostazol are both effective treatments for claudication; naftidrofuryl oxalate is likely to be the most effective, with minimal serious adverse events.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.