Trial reportCirculation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes2012
Stress reduction in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: randomized, controlled trial of transcendental meditation and health education in Blacks.
Trial report in Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01299935 (Stress Reduction and Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality), which is not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stress Reduction and Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meditation for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Mantra-Based Meditation on Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2019Guideline
- The impact of transcendental meditation on depressive symptoms and blood pressure in adults with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Complementary therapies in medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Yoga for stroke rehabilitation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Meditation and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Guideline
- Patient education in the management of coronary heart disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Investigating the effect of transcendental meditation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of human hypertension · 2015Pooled it
- Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA internal medicine · 2014Pooled it
- A Meta-Regression of psychosocial factors associated with sleep outcomes in mindfulness-based intervention trials.Behavioral sleep medicinePooled it
- Effects of cardiac rehabilitation with and without meditation on myocardial blood flow using quantitative positron emission tomography: A pilot study.Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology · 2021Trial
- A reanalysis of a randomized trial on meditation for migraine headaches: Distraction is not enough but meditation takes time.Complementary therapies in medicine · 2019Trial
- Stress Reduction in the Prevention of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Transcendental Meditation and Health Education in Hypertensive African Americans.Ethnicity & disease · 2019Trial
- Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Group Support Decrease Stress in Adolescents with Cardiac Diagnoses: A Randomized Two-Group Study.Pediatric cardiology · 2017Trial
- Reduced Trauma Symptoms and Perceived Stress in Male Prison Inmates through the Transcendental Meditation Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The Permanente journal · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar Disorder and Atherosclerosis.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Mental stress as a trigger of cardiovascular events: A narrative review.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Transcendental Meditation to combat psychosocial stress, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlacks have disproportionately high rates of cardiovascular disease. Psychosocial stress may contribute to this disparity. Previous trials on stress reduction with the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program have reported improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors, surrogate end points, and mortality in blacks and other populations. METHODS AND
resultsThis was a randomized, controlled trial of 201 black men and women with coronary heart disease who were randomized to the TM program or health education. The primary end point was the composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Secondary end points included the composite of cardiovascular mortality, revascularizations, and cardiovascular hospitalizations; blood pressure; psychosocial stress factors; and lifestyle behaviors. During an average follow-up of 5.4 years, there was a 48% risk reduction in the primary end point in the TM group (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.92; P=0.025). The TM group also showed a 24% risk reduction in the secondary end point (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.1.13; P=0.17). There were reductions of 4.9 mmHg in systolic blood pressure (95% confidence interval -8.3 to -1.5 mmHg; P=0.01) and anger expression (P<0.05 for all scales). Adherence was associated with survival.
conclusionsA selected mind-body intervention, the TM program, significantly reduced risk for mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in coronary heart disease patients. These changes were associated with lower blood pressure and psychosocial stress factors. Therefore, this practice may be clinically useful in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT01299935.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.