ArticleRetrovirology2012
Ubiquitination and sumoylation of the HTLV-2 Tax-2B protein regulate its NF-κB activity: a comparative study with the HTLV-1 Tax-1 protein.
Article in Retrovirology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): Epidemiology, Genetic, Pathogenesis, and Future Challenges.Viruses · 2025Review
- The Involvement of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in Retroviruses Infection and Latency.Viruses · 2023Review
- A Panel of Eight miRNAs Is Deregulated in HTLV-2 Infected PBMCs and BJABGu Cell Line.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- SUMOylation in Viral Replication and Antiviral Defense.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Review
- HTLV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis: New Insights from Cellular and Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- A novel positive feedback-loop between the HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax and NF-κB activity in T-cells.Retrovirology · 2020Article
- Comparative virology of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.Retrovirology · 2019Review
- TRAF3 Is Required for NF-κB Pathway Activation Mediated by HTLV Tax Proteins.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- NF-κB signaling mechanisms in HTLV-1-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.The FEBS journal · 2018Review
- HTLV Deregulation of the NF-κB Pathway: An Update on Tax and Antisense Proteins Role.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Article
- Viral Interplay with the Host Sumoylation System.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2017Review
- The Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Transactivator CIITA Inhibits the Persistent Activation of NF-κB by the Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Tax-1 Oncoprotein.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- A non-SUMOylated tax protein is still functional for NF-κB pathway activation.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- HTLV-1 and HTLV-2: highly similar viruses with distinct oncogenic properties.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Review
- Highlights on distinctive structural and functional properties of HTLV Tax proteins.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Review
- Is there a role for ubiquitin or SUMO in human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 Tax-induced NF-κB activation?Future virology · 2013Article
- The MHC-II transactivator CIITA, a restriction factor against oncogenic HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 retroviruses: similarities and differences in the inhibition of Tax-1 and Tax-2 viral transactivators.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Article
- Tax-1 and Tax-2 similarities and differences: focus on post-translational modifications and NF-κB activation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Article
- The importance of ubiquitination and sumoylation on the transforming activity of HTLV Tax-1 and Tax-2.Retrovirology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRetroviruses HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have homologous genomic structures but differ significantly in pathogenicity. HTLV-1 is associated with Adult T cell Leukemia (ATL), whereas infection by HTLV-2 has no association with neoplasia. Transformation of T lymphocytes by HTLV-1 is linked to the capacity of its oncoprotein Tax-1 to alter cell survival and cell cycle control mechanisms. Among these functions, Tax-1-mediated activation of cellular gene expression via the NF-κB pathway depends on Tax-1 post-translational modifications by ubiquitination and sumoylation. The Tax-2 protein of HTLV-2B (Tax-2B) is also modified by ubiquitination and sumoylation and activates the NF-κB pathway to a level similar to that of Tax-1. The present study aims to understand whether ubiquitination and sumoylation modifications are involved in Tax-2B-mediated activation of the NF-κB pathway.
resultsThe comparison of Tax-1 and Tax-2B lysine to arginine substitution mutants revealed conserved patterns and levels of ubiquitination with notable difference in the lysine usage for sumoylation. Neither Tax-1 nor Tax-2B ubiquitination and sumoylation deficient mutants could activate the NF-κB pathway and fusion of ubiquitin or SUMO-1 to the C-terminus of the ubiquitination and sumoylation deficient Tax-2B mutant strikingly restored transcriptional activity. In addition, ubiquitinated forms of Tax-2B colocalized with RelA and IKKγ in prominent cytoplasmic structures associated with the Golgi apparatus, whereas colocalization of Tax-2B with the RelA subunit of NF-κB and the transcriptional coactivator p300 in punctate nuclear structures was dependent on Tax-2B sumoylation, as previously observed for Tax-1.
conclusionsBoth Tax-1 and Tax-2 activate the NF-κB pathway via similar mechanisms involving ubiquitination and sumoylation. Therefore, the different transforming potential of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 is unlikely to be related to different modes of activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.