Trial reportDiabetes2013
Reduced adipose tissue macrophage content is associated with improved insulin sensitivity in thiazolidinedione-treated diabetic humans.
Trial report in Diabetes, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of DPP-4 Inhibitors on Interleukin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Insulin-sensitizing effects of vitamin D repletion mediated by adipocyte vitamin D receptor: Studies in humans and mice.Molecular metabolism · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects of thiazolidinediones are heightened in obese patients.Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · 2013Trial
- Perspectives on human adipose tissue: from cellular mechanisms to clinical complications.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Blocking the SIRPα-CD47 axis promotes macrophage phagocytosis of exosomes derived from visceral adipose tissue and improves inflammation and metabolism in mice.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- Lipid metabolism in MASLD and MASH: From mechanism to the clinic.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Review
- Immune cells in adipose tissue microenvironment under physiological and obese conditions.Endocrine · 2024Review
- Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from the Oxidative Stress to the Management of Related Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Thrombospondin1 antagonist peptide treatment attenuates obesity-associated chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders in a diet-induced obese mouse model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Immunometabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus: tissue-specific interactions.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2023Article
- Adipose tissue macrophages as potential targets for obesity and metabolic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- An Atypical Form of Diabetes Among Individuals With Low BMI.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- Putting ATM to BED: How Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Affected by Bariatric Surgery, Exercise, and Dietary Fatty Acids.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
- miR-467 regulates inflammation and blood insulin and glucose.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Sarsasapogenin improves adipose tissue inflammation and ameliorates insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2021Article
- A Comparison of Two Structurally Related Human Milk Oligosaccharide Conjugates in a Model of Diet-Induced Obesity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The Insulin-Sensitizer Pioglitazone Remodels Adipose Tissue Phospholipids in Humans.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration, and rodent studies suggest that inflammatory factors produced by ATMs contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, a relationship between ATM content and insulin resistance has not been clearly established in humans. Since thiazolidinediones attenuate adipose tissue inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity, we examined the temporal relationship of the effects of pioglitazone on these two parameters. The effect of 10 and 21 days of pioglitazone treatment on insulin sensitivity in 26 diabetic subjects was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies. Because chemoattractant factors, cytokines, and immune cells have been implicated in regulating the recruitment of ATMs, we studied their temporal relationship to changes in ATM content. Improved hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity was seen after 21 days of pioglitazone. We found early reductions in macrophage chemoattractant factors after only 10 days of pioglitazone, followed by a 69% reduction in ATM content at 21 days and reduced ATM activation at both time points. Although markers for dendritic cells and neutrophils were reduced at both time points, there were no significant changes in regulatory T cells. These results are consistent with an association between adipose macrophage content and systemic insulin resistance in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.