Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2013
Pharmacodynamic characteristics of lixisenatide once daily versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01175473. Cited by 71 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-label, Randomized Two-arm Parallel Group Study to Compare the Effects of 4-week QD Treatment With Lixisenatide or Liraglutide on the Postprandial Plasma Glucose in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequately Controlled With Metformin
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- PRISMA-efficacy and safety of lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Lixisenatide as add-on treatment among patients with different β-cell function levels as assessed by HOMA-β index.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2017Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of liraglutide added to metformin in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Change in pharmacodynamic variables following once-weekly tirzepatide treatment versus dulaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS J-mono substudy).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023Trial
- Fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) improves ß-cell function in people with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- Lixisenatide Reduces Chylomicron Triacylglycerol by Increased Clearance.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Trial
- Reduction of postprandial glucose by lixisenatide vs sitagliptin treatment in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes on background insulin glargine: A randomized phase IV study (NEXTAGE Study).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Comparative effects of prolonged and intermittent stimulation of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor on gastric emptying and glycemia.Diabetes · 2014Trial
- Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once-daily morning or evening injections in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin (GetGoal-M).Diabetes care · 2013 · on this mapTrial
- Adding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by established basal insulin: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled comparison (GetGoal-L).Diabetes care · 2013 · on this mapTrial
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists vs Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Use on Risk of Asthma Exacerbation Among Diabetic Patients with Co-Morbid Asthma in Hong Kong.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
- Dulaglutide as a Bridging Therapy Before Insulin for Diabetes Following Pancreatectomy on Congenital Hyperinsulinism.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Protein-Ligand Interactions in Cardiometabolic Drug Targets: Focus on Weight Loss and Cardioprotection.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Gastrointestinal Motility Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.Current gastroenterology reports · 2025Review
- Population profile and glycemic control following initiation or switch of injectable therapies in Tianjin, China: A real-world retrospective cohort study of adults with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Therapeutic management of atypical antipsychotic‑related metabolic dysfunctions using GLP‑1 receptor agonists: A systematic review.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Patient preferences for anti-hyperglycaemic medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus in China: findings from a national survey.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of iGlarLixi (Insulin Glargine 100 U/mL Plus Lixisenatide) in Type 2 Diabetes According to the Timing of Daily Administration: Data from the REALI Pooled Analysis.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimAssess the pharmacodynamics of lixisenatide once daily (QD) versus liraglutide QD in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin.
methodsIn this 28-day, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre study (NCT01175473), patients (mean HbA1c 7.3%) received subcutaneous lixisenatide QD (10 µg weeks 1-2, then 20 µg; n = 77) or liraglutide QD (0.6 mg week 1, 1.2 mg week 2, then 1.8 mg; n = 71) 30 min before breakfast. Primary endpoint was change in postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) exposure from baseline to day 28 during a breakfast test meal.
resultsLixisenatide reduced PPG significantly more than liraglutide [mean change in AUC(0:30-4:30h) : -12.6 vs. -4.0 h·mmol/L, respectively; p < 0.0001 (0:30 h = start of meal)]. Change in maximum PPG excursion was -3.9 mmol/l vs. -1.4 mmol/l, respectively (p < 0.0001). More lixisenatide-treated patients achieved 2-h PPG <7.8 mmol/l (69% vs. 29%). Changes in fasting plasma glucose were greater with liraglutide (-0.3 vs. -1.3 mmol/l, p < 0.0001). Lixisenatide provided greater decreases in postprandial glucagon (p < 0.05), insulin (p < 0.0001) and C-peptide (p < 0.0001). Mean HbA1c decreased in both treatment groups (from 7.2% to 6.9% with lixisenatide vs. 7.4% to 6.9% with liraglutide) as did body weight (-1.6 kg vs. -2.4 kg, respectively). Overall incidence of adverse events was lower with lixisenatide (55%) versus liraglutide (65%), with no serious events or hypoglycaemia reported.
conclusionsOnce daily prebreakfast lixisenatide provided a significantly greater reduction in PPG (AUC) during a morning test meal versus prebreakfast liraglutide. Lixisenatide provided significant decreases in postprandial insulin, C-peptide (vs. an increase with liraglutide) and glucagon, and better gastrointestinal tolerability than liraglutide.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.