Trial reportJournal of diabetes and its complications
Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control: pooled analysis of data from three placebo-controlled phase III trials.
Trial report in Journal of diabetes and its complications. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it supports the treatment in 1. It reports registered trial NCT03004612. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Linagliptin significantly lowered fasting plasma glucose levels vs. placebo (1.6 mmol/l vs. 0.4 mmol/l); treatment difference, 1.1 mmol/l (95% CI, -1.7 to -0.5).
clause the extractor read what became the number
Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
DPP-4 inhibitors×glycemic control
SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 59 favour the treatment, 19 find no difference, 24 favour the comparator.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Linagliptin + Metformin vs Metformin Alone on the Role of Pancreatic Islet Function, Insulin Resistance and Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Prediabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial
Effect of the Combination of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor (DPP4i) and Insulin in Comparison to Insulin on Metabolic Control and Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Triple oral therapy with metformin, DPP-4 inhibitor, and SGLT2 inhibitor for adults with type 2 diabetes: Consensus recommendations of a Chinese expert panel (version 2025).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Guideline
- Addition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors to sulphonylureas and risk of hypoglycaemia: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of linagliptin plus insulin in comparison to insulin alone on metabolic control and prognosis in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Empagliflozin as add-on to linagliptin in a fixed-dose combination in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Glycaemic efficacy and safety profile in a 52-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018Trial
- Animal Models for Understanding the Mechanisms of Beta Cell Death during Type 2 Diabetes Pathogenesis.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Treatment of type 2 diabetes, lifestyle, GLP1 agonists and DPP4 inhibitors.World journal of diabetes · 2014Review
- Review
- Initial combination therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: considerations for metformin plus linagliptin.Drugs in context · 2013Article
- INNOVATIONS IN DIABETES MELLITUS MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW OF USFDA-APPROVED DRUGS AND PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIALS.Acta endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
aimsTo evaluate the efficacy/safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, in subjects with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and factors influencing treatment response.
methodsPooled analysis of data from 2258 subjects in three 24-week phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies, who received oral linagliptin (5 mg/day) or placebo as monotherapy, added-on to metformin, or added-on to metformin plus sulfonylurea was performed.
resultsAmong 388 subjects with HbA1c ≥9.0%, adjusted mean baseline HbA1c (9.4% both groups) declined to 8.3% in linagliptin group and 9.1% in placebo group at 24 weeks (P<.0001) and adjusted mean change from baseline was 1.2% (vs. 0.4%, placebo). Linagliptin significantly lowered fasting plasma glucose levels vs. placebo (1.6 mmol/l vs. 0.4 mmol/l); treatment difference, 1.1 mmol/l (95% CI, -1.7 to -0.5). Treatment and washout of previous oral antidiabetes drugs were the only factors to independently affect HbA1c change at week 24. Adverse event rates were similar for linagliptin (61.9%) and placebo (62.7%). Hypoglycemia was rare with linagliptin monotherapy/add-on to metformin (≤1%) and increased when linagliptin was added to metformin plus sulfonylurea (linagliptin, 17.9% vs. placebo, 8.3%).
conclusionsLinagliptin was an effective, well-tolerated treatment in subjects with T2DM and insufficient glycemic control, both as monotherapy or added-on to metformin/metformin plus sulfonylurea.
Indexed as
Identifiers
23403068What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.