Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23507773›Full record

Trial reportJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2013

Sex and ApoE genotype differences in treatment response to two doses of intranasal insulin in adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease.

Amy Claxton, Laura D Baker, Charles W Wilkinson, Emily H Trittschuh, Darla Chapman, G Stennis Watson, Brenna Cholerton, Stephen R Plymate, Matthew Arbuckle, Suzanne Craft

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03277222 (HAND IN Insulin-001), which is not on this map. Cited by 118 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
118citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03277222 phase2terminatednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

HAND IN Insulin-001: Intranasal Treatment of HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of CalgaryRan2018 to 2019Enrolled4ConditionsHIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)ArmsIN insulin, Sterile Saline placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

118 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. Review
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  15. Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer disease (diabetesDementia & neuropsychologia · 2025
    Review
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  17. Review
  18. Article
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  20. Review

58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Amy ClaxtonGeriatric Research, Education, & Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
Laura D Baker
Charles W Wilkinson
Emily H Trittschuh
Darla Chapman
G Stennis Watson
Brenna Cholerton
Stephen R Plymate
Matthew Arbuckle
Suzanne Craft
University of Washington · USVA Puget Sound Health Care System · USWake Forest University · USGeriatric Research Education and Clinical Center · USUniversity of Puget Sound · US

Funding

NEUROBEHAVIOR, NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, AND GENETICS OF ADT32AG000258 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI MONTINE, THOMAS J · 1999 to 2013
$4.7M
Therapeutic Effects of Intranasal Insulin in ADR01AG027415 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CRAFT, SUZANNE · 2006 to 2008
$1.2M
NIA NIH HHS AG027415NIA NIH HHS R01 AG027415NIA NIH HHS T32 AG000258
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A previous clinical trial demonstrated that four months of treatment with intranasal insulin improves cognition and function for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but prior studies suggest that response to insulin treatment may differ by sex and ApoE ε4 carriage. Thus, responder analyses using repeated measures analysis of covariance were completed on the trial's 104 participants with MCI or AD who received either placebo or 20 or 40 IU of insulin for 4 months, administered by a nasal delivery device. Results indicate that men and women with memory impairment responded differently to intranasal insulin treatment. On delayed story memory, men and women showed cognitive improvement when taking 20 IU of intranasal insulin, but only men showed cognitive improvement for the 40 IU dose. The sex difference was most apparent for ApoE ε4 negative individuals. For the 40 IU dose, ApoE ε4 negative men improved while ApoE ε4 negative women worsened. Their ApoE ε4 positive counterparts remained cognitively stable. This sex effect was not detected in functional measures. However, functional abilities were relatively preserved for women on either dose of intranasal insulin compared with men. Unlike previous studies with young adults, neither men nor women taking intranasal insulin exhibited a significant change in weight over 4 months of treatment.

Indexed as

Administration, IntranasalAgedAlzheimer DiseaseApolipoprotein E4Body Mass IndexBody WeightCognitive DysfunctionFemaleGenotypeHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMaleNeuropsychological TestsSex CharacteristicsTreatment OutcomeApolipoprotein E4Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulin

Identifiers

PMID23507773
PMCPMC4144993
OpenAlexW1553529648

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.