Evidence map›DPP-4 inhibitors × glycemic control›PMID 23564919›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2013

Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial.

Guntram Schernthaner, Jorge L Gross, Julio Rosenstock, Michael Guarisco, Min Fu, Jacqueline Yee, Masato Kawaguchi, William Canovatchel, Gary Meininger

Erratum issued 2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIIRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 205 papers, 28 of them syntheses that pooled it.

1number the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
205citing papers in PubMed, 28 pooled it
51.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against

Glycemic controlcomparator not stated · t2dfeeds 2 cells of the map
Δ -0.37-0.50 to -0.25
RESULTS: At 52 weeks, canagliflozin 300 mg demonstrated noninferiority and, in a subsequent assessment, showed superiority to sitagliptin 100 mg in reducing A1C (-1.03% [-11.3 mmol/mol] and -0.66% [-7.2 mmol/mol], respectively; least squares mean difference between groups, -0.37% [95% CI, -0.50 to -0.25] or -4.0 mmol/mol [-5.5 to -2.7]).
FeedsSGLT2 inhibitors×glycemic controlDPP-4 inhibitors×glycemic control

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

DPP-4 inhibitors×glycemic control

No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →

40 readable studies in this cell: 59 favour the treatment, 19 find no difference, 24 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.82replicated · 56 families support, 12 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the comparatorfavours the treatment →
0 · no effect
NCT015282542,004 enrolled · 2012
Slope -0.02-0.05 to 0.00
NCT026078651,864 enrolled · 2016
Δ -0.50-0.60 to -0.40
NCT001216671,462 enrolled · 2005
Δ -0.73-0.92 to -0.53
NCT040178321,441 enrolled · 2019
Δ -0.20-0.30 to -0.10
NCT011066771,284 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.62-0.76 to -0.48
NCT016060071,282 enrolled · 2012
Δ -0.27-0.48 to -0.05
NCT004827291,246 enrolled · 2007
Δ -0.60-0.78 to -0.43
NCT020991101,233 enrolled · 2014
Δ -0.46-0.63 to -0.30
NCT019301881,231 enrolled · 2013
Δ -1.06-1.21 to -0.91
NCT007344741,202 enrolled · 2008
Δ -0.71-0.87 to -0.55
NCT022730501,136 enrolled · 2014
Δ -0.21-0.41 to -0.02
NCT004499301,050 enrolled · 2007
Δ 0.140.06 to 0.21

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

SGLT2 inhibitors×glycemic control

No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →

40 readable studies in this cell: 81 favour the treatment, 11 find no difference, 4 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.92replicated · 70 families support, 6 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
NCT010326294,330 enrolled · 2009
Δ 2.79-1.57 to 7.15
NCT011374742,996 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.46-0.59 to -0.33
NCT011956622,245 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.61-0.76 to -0.46
NCT010956661,484 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.59-0.76 to -0.42
NCT009688121,452 enrolled · 2009
Δ -0.01-0.11 to 0.09
NCT017190031,413 enrolled · 2012
Adjusted mean -0.33-0.56 to -0.10
NCT011066771,284 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.62-0.76 to -0.48
NCT016060071,282 enrolled · 2012
Δ -0.59-0.81 to -0.37
NCT006732311,240 enrolled · 2008
Δ -0.45-0.59 to -0.31
NCT020991101,233 enrolled · 2014
Δ -0.43-0.60 to -0.27
NCT006609071,217 enrolled · 2008
Δ 0.00-0.11 to 0.11
NCT018093271,186 enrolled · 2013
Δ -0.46-0.66 to -0.27

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02624908 phase4unknown statusstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Canagliflozin-Mealtime Insulin Rescue

Ran2016Enrolled40Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsCanagliflozin, Placebo
PMID 22699297PMID 16609094PMID 18374840PMID 20649629PMID 21421802PMID 22111719PMID 22686416PMID 18299315PMID 22992074PMID 23412078other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT02694263 phase4completedstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

A Randomised Controlled Trial for People With Established Type 2 Diabetes During Ramadan: Canagliflozin (Invokana™) vs. Standard Dual Therapy Regimen: The 'Can Do Ramadan' Study

Ran2016Enrolled25Registered outcomes32Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsCanagliflozin, Gliclazide, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide
PMID 24373063PMID 26203064PMID 23782529PMID 22492586PMID 24026211PMID 23464594PMID 23279307PMID 24073995PMID 23589542PMID 9727886PMID 8888584PMID 3571496other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

205 citing papers in PubMed, 28 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 477 citations in OpenAlex.

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145 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

6 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Erratum issued
7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Guntram SchernthanerRudolfstiftung Hospital-Vienna, Vienna, Austria. guntram.schernthaner@wienkav.at
Jorge L Gross
Julio Rosenstock
Michael Guarisco
Min Fu
Jacqueline Yee
Masato Kawaguchi
William Canovatchel
Gary Meininger
Janssen (United States) · USBaton Rouge Clinic · USDallas Diabetes Research Center · USJanssen (Belgium) · BERudolfinerhaus Hospital · ATUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul · BR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

objectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, compared with sitagliptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin plus sulfonylurea. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsIn this 52-week, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3 study, subjects using stable metformin plus sulfonylurea (N = 755) received canagliflozin 300 mg or sitagliptin 100 mg daily. Primary end point was change from baseline in A1C at 52 weeks. Secondary end points included change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and systolic blood pressure (BP), and percent change in body weight, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol. Safety was assessed based on adverse event (AE) reports.

resultsAt 52 weeks, canagliflozin 300 mg demonstrated noninferiority and, in a subsequent assessment, showed superiority to sitagliptin 100 mg in reducing A1C (-1.03% [-11.3 mmol/mol] and -0.66% [-7.2 mmol/mol], respectively; least squares mean difference between groups, -0.37% [95% CI, -0.50 to -0.25] or -4.0 mmol/mol [-5.5 to -2.7]). Greater reductions in FPG, body weight, and systolic BP were observed with canagliflozin versus sitagliptin (P < 0.001). Overall AE rates were similar with canagliflozin (76.7%) and sitagliptin (77.5%); incidence of serious AEs and AE-related discontinuations was low for both groups. Higher incidences of genital mycotic infections and osmotic diuresis-related AEs were observed with canagliflozin, which led to one discontinuation. Hypoglycemia rates were similar in both groups.

conclusionsFindings suggest that canagliflozin may be a new therapeutic tool providing better improvement in glycemic control and body weight reduction than sitagliptin, but with increased genital infections in subjects with type 2 diabetes using metformin plus sulfonylurea.

Indexed as

AgedBlood GlucoseCanagliflozinDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Double-Blind MethodFemaleGlucosidesGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleMetforminMiddle AgedPyrazinesSitagliptin PhosphateSulfonylurea CompoundsBlood GlucoseCanagliflozinGlucosidesGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminPyrazinesSitagliptin PhosphateSulfonylurea CompoundsThiophenesTriazoles

Identifiers

PMID23564919
PMCPMC3747923
OpenAlexW2038270027

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.