ArticleBMC complementary and alternative medicine2013
Effects of Ginkgo biloba on chemically-induced mammary tumors in rats receiving tamoxifen.
Article in BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural Products in Mitigation of Bisphenol A Toxicity: Future Therapeutic Use.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Interactions Between Natural Products and Tamoxifen in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Chinese Medicines Improve Perimenopausal Symptoms Induced by Surgery, Chemoradiotherapy, or Endocrine Treatment for Breast Cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- Molecular docking analysis of Cianidanol fromGinkgo biloba with HER2+ breast cancer target.Bioinformation · 2018Article
- Article
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundGinkgo biloba extract (GbE) is used extensively by breast cancer patients undergoing treatment with Tamoxifen (TAM). Thus, the present study investigated the effects of GbE in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats bearing chemically-induced mammary tumors and receiving TAM.
methodsAnimals bearing mammary tumors (≥1 cm in diameter) were divided into four groups: TAM [10 mg/kg, intragastrically (i.g.)], TAM plus GbE [50 and 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] or an untreated control group. After 4 weeks, the therapeutic efficacy of the different treatments was evaluated by measuring the tumor volume (cm(3)) and the proportions of each tumor that were alive, necrotic or degenerative (mm(2)). In addition, labeling indexes (LI%) were calculated for cell proliferation (PCNA LI%) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 LI%), expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) and p63 biomarkers.
resultsOverall, the tumor volume and the PCNA LI% within live tumor areas were reduced by 83% and 99%, respectively, in all TAM-treated groups when compared to the untreated control group. GbE treatment (100 mg/kg) reduced the proportions of live (24.8%) and necrotic areas (2.9%) (p = 0.046 and p = 0.038, respectively) and significantly increased the proportion of degenerative areas (72.9%) (p = 0.004) in mammary tumors when compared to the group treated only with TAM. The expression of ER-α, p63 and cleaved caspase-3 in live tumor tissues was not modified by GbE treatment.
conclusionsCo-treatment with 100 mg/kg GbE presented a slightly beneficial effect on the therapeutic efficacy of TAM in female SD rats bearing mammary tumors.
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