ArticleThe American journal of pathology2013
Spdef null mice lack conjunctival goblet cells and provide a model of dry eye.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution on Tear Film and Dry Eye Symptom in Type 2 Diabetic Dry Eye: A Four-week Randomized Control, Single Masked Pilot Study.
3% Diquafosol Topical Ophthalmic Solution in Diabetic Patients With Dry Eye
A Single Center, Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing the Clinical Efficacy of 3% Diquafosol Tetrasodium and 0.1 % Hyaluronic Acid 0.1% in Diabetic Patients With Dry Eye Disease
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Activation of PPARγ Attenuates Age-Related Lacrimal Gland Dysfunction by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Ferroptosis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- SPDEF ameliorates UUO-induced renal fibrosis by transcriptional activation of NR4A1.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- What's the situation with ocular inflammation? A cross-seasonal investigation of proteomic changes in ocular allergy sufferers' tears in Victoria, Australia.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The protective role of conjunctival goblet cell mucin sialylation.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Ectopic lymphoid structures in the aged lacrimal glands.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Article
- Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Mucosal immunology of the ocular surface.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Micelles: Break the Dry Eye Vicious Cycle.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Conjunctival changes following Muller's muscle conjunctival resection.International ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Autoimmunity in dry eye disease - An updated review of evidence on effector and memory Th17 cells in disease pathogenicity.Autoimmunity reviews · 2021Review
- Autoimmune Epithelitis and Chronic Inflammation in Sjögren's Syndrome-Related Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of genes involved in keratinization in the tears of COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Age-related changes in ocular mucosal tolerance: Lessons learned from gut and respiratory tract immunity.Immunology · 2021Review
- Ocular surface disorders associated with the use of dupilumab based on WHO VigiBase.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Alterations in Mucin-Associated Gene Expression on the Ocular Surface in Active and Stable Stages of Atopic and Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Recent Developments About the Pathogenesis of Dry Eye Disease: Based on Immune Inflammatory Mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Moxifloxacin based axially swept wide-field fluorescence microscopy for high-speed imaging of conjunctival goblet cells.Biomedical optics express · 2020Article
- Immune - Goblet cell interaction in the conjunctiva.The ocular surface · 2020Review
- Dupilumab-Associated Mucin Deficiency (DAMD).Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Goblet cell numbers decrease within the conjunctival epithelium in drying and cicatrizing ocular surface diseases. Factors regulating goblet cell differentiation in conjunctival epithelium are unknown. Recent data indicate that the transcription factor SAM-pointed domain epithelial-specific transcription factor (Spdef) is essential for goblet cell differentiation in tracheobronchial and gastrointestinal epithelium of mice. Using Spdef(-/-) mice, we determined that Spdef is required for conjunctival goblet cell differentiation and that Spdef(-/-) mice, which lack conjunctival goblet cells, have significantly increased corneal surface fluorescein staining and tear volume, a phenotype consistent with dry eye. Microarray analysis of conjunctival epithelium in Spdef(-/-) mice revealed down-regulation of goblet cell-specific genes (Muc5ac, Tff1, Gcnt3). Up-regulated genes included epithelial cell differentiation/keratinization genes (Sprr2h, Tgm1) and proinflammatory genes (Il1-α, Il-1β, Tnf-α), all of which are up-regulated in dry eye. Interestingly, four Wnt pathway genes were down-regulated. SPDEF expression was significantly decreased in the conjunctival epithelium of Sjögren syndrome patients with dry eye and decreased goblet cell mucin expression. These data demonstrate that Spdef is required for conjunctival goblet cell differentiation and down-regulation of SPDEF may play a role in human dry eye with goblet cell loss. Spdef(-/-) mice have an ocular surface phenotype similar to that in moderate dry eye, providing a new, more convenient model for the disease.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.