Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2013
Metabolic effects of oral versus transdermal 17β-estradiol (E₂): a randomized clinical trial in girls with Turner syndrome.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Estrogen Dosing in Turner Syndrome:Pharmacology & Metabolism
Determining Dose Equivalence Between Oral and Transdermal Estrogen Treatment in Women With Turner Syndrome - A Randomized Study
Long Term Effects of Oral Versus Transdermal Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Turner Syndrome - A Randomized Trial
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome.European journal of endocrinology · 2024Guideline
- Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on bone and cardiovascular outcomes in women with turner syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2017Pooled it
- Effects of low-dose estrogen replacement during childhood on pubertal development and gonadotropin concentrations in patients with Turner syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Trial
- Induction of puberty in hypogonadal forms of primary amenorrhoea: current evidence and future perspectives.Endocrine connections · 2026Review
- Evaluation of 17β-Estradiol Administration by Subcutaneous Injections in Transgender Women.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Exploring the interplay of karyotype, hormones, sexuality, and body image perception in individuals with Turner syndrome.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Inadequate Gonadal Replacement in Patients with Turner Syndrome may Result in Pituitary Volume EnlargementCurrent medical imaging · 2025Article
- Lifelong medical challenges and immunogenetics of Turner syndrome.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- Pubertal induction in Turner syndrome without gonadal function: A possibility of earlier, lower-dose estrogen therapy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Hypogonadism in adolescent girls: treatment and long-term effects.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Article
- Transgender Girls Grow Tall: Adult Height Is Unaffected by GnRH Analogue and Estradiol Treatment.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- The Care of Adolescents and Young Adults with Turner Syndrome: A Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Perspective.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology · 2022Review
- Auxological and Endocrinological Features in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Turner syndrome: French National Diagnosis and Care Protocol (NDCP; National Diagnosis and Care Protocol).Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2022Article
- Genetic conditions of short stature: A review of three classic examples.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Levonorgestrel correlates with less weight gain than other progestins during hormonal replacement therapy in Turner Syndrome patients.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Perspectives on growth promoting treatment for patients with Turner syndrome in Japan.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2020Review
- Estrogen Replacement in Young Hypogonadal Women-Transferrable Lessons From the Literature Related to the Care of Young Women With Premature Ovarian Failure and Transgender Women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Glucose Metabolism in Turner Syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe long-term effects of pure 17β-estradiol (E₂) depending on route of administration have not been well characterized.
objectiveOur objective was to assess metabolic effects of oral vs transdermal (TD) 17β-E₂ replacement using estrogen concentration-based dosing in girls with Turner syndrome (TS). PATIENTS: Forty girls with TS, mean age 16.7 ± 1.7 years, were recruited.
designSubjects were randomized to 17β-E₂ orally or TD. Doses were titrated using mean E₂ concentrations of normally menstruating girls as therapeutic target. E₂, estrone (E₁), and E₁ sulfate (E₁S) were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and a recombinant cell bioassay; metabolites were measured, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan and indirect calorimetry were performed. MAIN OUTCOME: Changes in body composition and lipid oxidation were evaluated.
resultsE₂ concentrations were titrated to normal range in both groups; mean oral dose was 2 mg, and TD dose was 0.1 mg. After 6 and 12 months, fat-free mass and percent fat mass, bone mineral density accrual, lipid oxidation, and resting energy expenditure rates were similar between groups. IGF-1 concentrations were lower on oral 17β-E₂, but suppression of gonadotropins was comparable with no significant changes in lipids, glucose, osteocalcin, or highly sensitive C-reactive protein between groups. However, E₁, E₁S, SHBG, and bioestrogen concentrations were significantly higher in the oral group.
conclusionsWhen E₂ concentrations are titrated to the normal range, the route of delivery of 17β-E₂ does not affect differentially body composition, lipid oxidation, and lipid concentrations in hypogonadal girls with TS. However, total estrogen exposure (E₁, E₁S, and total bioestrogen) is significantly higher after oral 17β-E₂. TD 17β-E₂ results in a more physiological estrogen milieu than oral 17β-E₂ administration in girls with TS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.