ArticleStroke2013
Traditional risk factors are not major contributors to the variance in carotid intima-media thickness.
Article in Stroke, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of Intima-Media Thickness Measured at the Common Carotid Artery With Incident Carotid Plaque: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 20 Prospective Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- Carotid intima-media thickness predicts carotid plaque development: Meta-analysis of seven studies involving 9341 participants.European journal of clinical investigation · 2020Pooled it
- Association between large artery atherosclerosis and cerebral microbleeds: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2017Pooled it
- Inflammatory markers and extent and progression of early atherosclerosis: Meta-analysis of individual-participant-data from 20 prospective studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2016Pooled it
- Genome-wide interaction study identifies RCBTB1 as a modifier for smoking effect on carotid intima-media thickness.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2014Pooled it
- Carotid intima-media thickness, cardiovascular disease, and risk factors in 29,000 UK Biobank adults.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Thyroid peroxidase antibodies were associated with prevalent carotid intima-media thickness in middle-age and older adults: the ELSA-Brasil cohort.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- The Association between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in 42,726 Adults in UK Biobank: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Carotid intima-media thickness in adults with and without psoriasis - a nested case-control study from baseline data of ELSA-Brasil cohort.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2023Article
- Review
- Association of homocysteine with carotid atherosclerosis in hypertension.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- Eight-year change in carotid intima-media thickness and associated risk factors in adults with and without psoriasis - the ELSA-Brasil cohort study.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2023Article
- Internal Carotid Artery Angle Variations are Poorly Explained by Vascular Risk Factors: The Northern Manhattan Study.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2022Article
- Associations of carotid intima media thickness with gene expression in whole blood and genetically predicted gene expression across 48 tissues.Human molecular genetics · 2022Article
- Article
- Narrative Review of Carotid disease and the kidney.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Review
- The Predictive Value of Carotid Ultrasonography With Cardiovascular Risk Factors-A "SPIDER" Promoting Atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- Carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic syndrome in a rural population: Results from the Baependi Heart Study.International Journal of Cardiology. Hypertension · 2020Article
- Subclinical thyroid diseases as a non-classical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2020Article
- Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden During the Menopause Transition and Late Midlife Subclinical Vascular Disease: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter?Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeCarotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was a widely accepted ultrasound marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in the past. Although traditional risk factors may explain ≈50% of the variance in plaque burden, they may not explain such a high proportion of the variance in IMT, especially when measured in plaque-freel ocations. We aimed this study to identify individuals with cIMT unexplained by traditional risk factors for future environmental and genetic research.
methodsAs part of the Northern Manhattan Study, 1790 stroke-free individuals (mean age, 69±9 years; 60% women; 61% Hispanic; 19% black; 18% white) were assessed for cIMT using B-mode carotid ultrasound. Multiple linear regression models were evaluated: (1) incorporating prespecified traditional risk factors; and (2) including less traditional factors, such as inflammation biomarkers, adiponectin, homocysteine, and kidney function. Standardized cIMT residual scores were constructed to select individuals with unexplained cIMT.
resultsMean total cIMT was 0.92±0.09 mm. The traditional model explained 11% of the variance in cIMT. Age (7%), male sex (3%), glucose (<1%), pack-years of smoking (<1%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<1%) were significant contributing factors. The model, including inflammatory biomarkers, explained 16% of the variance in cIMT. Adiponectin was the only additional significant contributor to the variance in cIMT. We identified 358 individuals (20%) with cIMT unexplained by the investigated risk factors.
conclusionsVascular risk factors explain only a small proportion of variance in cIMT. Identification of novel genetic and environmental factors underlying unexplained subclinical atherosclerosis is of utmost importance for future effective prevention of vascular disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.