SynthesisCirculation2013
Combined effects of child and adult elevated blood pressure on subclinical atherosclerosis: the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium.
Synthesis in Circulation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 271 citations in OpenAlex.
- Childhood Risk Factors and Adulthood Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.The Journal of pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of sedentary behavior on large artery structure and function in children and adolescents: a systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Updated Guideline May Improve the Recognition and Diagnosis of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents; Review of the 2017 AAP Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline.Current hypertension reports · 2017Pooled it
- Definition of pediatric hypertension: are blood pressure measurements on three separate occasions necessary?Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2017Pooled it
- A school-based intervention improved dietary intake outcomes and reduced waist circumference in adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2017Trial
- A Multi-Component Day-Camp Weight-Loss Program Is Effective in Reducing BMI in Children after One Year: A Randomized Controlled Trial.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Azilsartan as an antihypertensive treatment in Japanese children under 6 years old: A phase 3 open-label long-term study.Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric SocietyTrial
- Inter-Arm Blood Pressure Differences and Handgrip Strength in Youth Athletes: Implications for Early Cardiovascular Screening.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Highly Uncontrolled Cardiovascular Risk in Emerging Adults With Paediatric-Onset Type 1 Diabetes-A Cross-Sectional Analysis From the Diabetes Prospective Follow-Up Registry DPV.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- The prevention of adult cardiovascular disease must begin in childhood: evidence and imperative.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- High prevalence of metabolic comorbidities in Asian children with type 1 diabetes and obesity.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2026Article
- Life-Course Blood Pressure Levels, 38-Year Tracking, and Prediction of Hypertension.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Famine and blood pressure trajectories across 2 generations: a prospective cohort study.Clinical hypertension · 2026Article
- Hidden burden of hypertension in Arab adolescents linked to obesity, dyslipidemia, and vitamin D status.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Blood Pressure Across the Life Course on Arterial Stiffness in Midlife: The Mediating Role of Metabolic Factors.MedComm · 2025Article
- Trends of paediatric hypertension screening and management in primary care before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- A pediatric ECG database with disease diagnosis covering 11643 children.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Chronic Kidney Disease or Hypertension After Childhood Cancer.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Lifelong impact of elevated blood pressure from childhood to adulthood.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundElevated blood pressure (BP) levels in childhood have been associated with subsequent atherosclerosis. However, it is uncertain whether this risk is attenuated in individuals who acquire normal BP by adulthood. The present study examined the effect of child and adult BP levels on carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in adulthood. METHODS AND
resultsThe cohort consisted of 4210 participants from 4 prospective studies (mean follow-up, 23 years). Childhood elevated BP was defined according to the tables from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. In adulthood, BP was classified as elevated for individuals with systolic BP ≥120 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg or with self-reported use of antihypertensive medications. Carotid artery IMT was measured in the left common carotid artery. High IMT was defined as an IMT ≥90th percentile according to age-, sex-, race-, and cohort-specific levels. Individuals with persistently elevated BP and individuals with normal childhood BP, but elevated adult BP had increased risk of high carotid artery IMT (relative risk [95% confidence interval]) 1.82[1.47-2.38] and 1.57[1.22-2.02], respectively) in comparison with individuals with normal child and adult BP. In contrast, individuals with elevated BP as children but not as adults did not have significantly increased risk (1.24[0.92-1.67]). In addition, these individuals had a lower risk of increased carotid artery IMT (0.66[0.50-0.88]) in compared with those with persistently elevated BP. The results were consistent when controlling for age, sex, and adiposity and when different BP definitions were applied.
conclusionsIndividuals with persistently elevated BP from childhood to adulthood had increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis. This risk was reduced if elevated BP during childhood resolved by adulthood.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.