Observational studyDiabetes care2013
Sex disparities in the quality of diabetes care: biological and cultural factors may play a different role for different outcomes: a cross-sectional observational study from the AMD Annals initiative.
Observational study in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Closing the Gap: Examining Representation of Women in Ischemic Heart Disease Guideline Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Pooled it
- Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Sex-difference of multifactorial intervention on cardiovascular and mortality risk in DKD: post-hoc analysis of a randomised clinical trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Trial
- The Burden of Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose on Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life and Locus of Control in Patients with Noninsulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: The PRISMA Study.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2016Trial
- Glycaemic Control by Sociodemographic Factors in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes in England: Trends From 2007-2008 to 2023-2024.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications in Women and Young Adults.Current epidemiology reports · 2026Review
- Sex based disparities in glycemic control and hospitalization outcomes of medical patients with diabetes mellitus-a historical cohort study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes in Yemen: A Growing Public Health Crisis in the Shadow of Conflict.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- AI-Assisted identification of sex-specific patterns in diabetic retinopathy using retinal fundus images.PloS one · 2025Article
- Sex disparities in the prevalence, incidence, and management of diabetes mellitus: an Australian retrospective primary healthcare study involving 668,891 individuals.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- The Burden of Obesity in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects: A Sex-specific Analysis From the AMD Annals Initiative.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Relationship Between Time-Varying Achieved High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk of Coronary Events Depends on Haptoglobin Phenotype Within the ACCORD Lipid Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Observational
- Sex-Based Differences in Clinical Profile and Complications among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Seen at a Private Tertiary Diabetes Care Centre in India.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sex differences in cardiovascular risk, lifestyle, and psychological factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- Metrics of Gender Differences in Mortality Risk after Diabetic Foot Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Gender gaps in type 1 diabetes care.Acta diabetologica · 2023Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Related Mitochondrial Defects in Peripheral Mononucleated Blood Cells from Overweight Postmenopausal Women.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Glucose Homeostasis.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
- Levels and Correlates of Numeracy Skills in Lebanese Adults with Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the quality of type 2 diabetes care according to sex. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsClinical data collected during the year 2009 were extracted from electronic medical records; quality-of-care indicators were evaluated. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the likelihood of women versus men to be monitored for selected parameters, to reach clinical outcomes, and to be treated with specific classes of drugs. The intercenter variability in the proportion of men and women achieving the targets was also investigated.
resultsOverall, 415,294 patients from 236 diabetes outpatient centers were evaluated, of whom 188,125 (45.3%) were women and 227,169 (54.7%) were men. Women were 14% more likely than men to have HbA1c>9.0% in spite of insulin treatment (odds ratio 1.14 [95% CI 1.10-1.17]), 42% more likely to have LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)≥130 mg/dL (1.42 [1.38-1.46]) in spite of lipid-lowering treatment, and 50% more likely to have BMI≥30 kg/m2 (1.50 [1.50-1.54]). Women were less likely to be monitored for foot and eye complications. In 99% of centers, the percentage of men reaching the LDL-C target was higher than in women, the proportion of patients reaching the HbA1c target was in favor of men in 80% of the centers, and no differences emerged for blood pressure.
conclusionsWomen show a poorer quality of diabetes care than men. The attainment of the LDL-C target seems to be mainly related to pathophysiological factors, whereas patient and physician attitudes can play an important role in other process measures and outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.