ArticleBMC genomics2013
Genetic basis for phenotypic differences between different Toxoplasma gondii type I strains.
Article in BMC genomics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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28 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in South America: occurrence, immunity, and fate of infection.Parasites & vectors · 2023Review
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- In vivo and in vitro models show unexpected degrees of virulence among Toxoplasma gondii type II and III isolates from sheep.Veterinary research · 2021Article
- The zebrafish as a novel model for theDisease models & mechanisms · 2020Article
- Toxoplasma GRA15 limits parasite growth in IFNγ-activated fibroblasts through TRAF ubiquitin ligases.The EMBO journal · 2020Article
- Influence of the Host and Parasite Strain on the Immune Response DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Global selective sweep of a highly inbred genome of the cattle parasiteProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
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- iTRAQ-Based Global Phosphoproteomics Reveals Novel Molecular Differences BetweenFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Rhoptry and Dense Granule Secreted Effectors Regulate CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- R Script Approach to InferBioinformatics and biology insights · 2017Article
- Analysis of the virulence determination mechanisms in a local Toxoplasma strain (T.gHB1) isolated from central China.Parasitology research · 2016Article
- Deciphering the Draft Genome of Toxoplasma gondii RH Strain.PloS one · 2016Article
- Variation detection based on next-generation sequencing of type Chinese 1 strains of Toxoplasma gondii with different virulence from China.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Cancer in the parasitic protozoans Trypanosoma brucei and Toxoplasma gondii.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundToxoplasma gondii has a largely clonal population in North America and Europe, with types I, II and III clonal lineages accounting for the majority of strains isolated from patients. RH, a particular type I strain, is most frequently used to characterize Toxoplasma biology. However, compared to other type I strains, RH has unique characteristics such as faster growth, increased extracellular survival rate and inability to form orally infectious cysts. Thus, to identify candidate genes that could account for these parasite phenotypic differences, we determined genetic differences and differential parasite gene expression between RH and another type I strain, GT1. Moreover, as differences in host cell modulation could affect Toxoplasma replication in the host, we determined differentially modulated host processes among the type I strains through host transcriptional profiling.
resultsThrough whole genome sequencing, we identified 1,394 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (indels) between RH and GT1. These SNPs/indels together with parasite gene expression differences between RH and GT1 were used to identify candidate genes that could account for type I phenotypic differences. A polymorphism in dense granule protein, GRA2, determined RH and GT1 differences in the evasion of the interferon gamma response. In addition, host transcriptional profiling identified that genes regulated by NF-ĸB, such as interleukin (IL)-12p40, were differentially modulated by the different type I strains. We subsequently showed that this difference in NF-ĸB activation was due to polymorphisms in GRA15. Furthermore, we observed that RH, but not other type I strains, recruited phosphorylated IĸBα (a component of the NF-ĸB complex) to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and this recruitment of p- IĸBα was partially dependent on GRA2.
conclusionsWe identified candidate parasite genes that could be responsible for phenotypic variation among the type I strains through comparative genomics and transcriptomics. We also identified differentially modulated host pathways among the type I strains, and these can serve as a guideline for future studies in examining the phenotypic differences among type I strains.
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