Inhibition of iPLA2 β and of stretch-activated channels by doxorubicin alters dystrophic muscle function.

background and purposeChronic elevation in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration participates in death of skeletal muscle from mdx mice, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Candidate pathways mediating this Ca(2+) overload involve store-operated channels (SOCs) and stretch-activated channels (SACs), which are modulated by the Ca(2+) -independent form of PL A2 (iPLA2 ). We investigated the effect of doxorubicin (Dox), a chemotherapeutic agent reported to inhibit iPLA2 in other systems, on the activity of this enzyme and on the consequences on Ca(2+) handling and muscle function in mdx mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Effects of Dox on iPLA2 activity, reactive oxygen species production and on Ca(2+) influx were investigated in C2C12 and mdx myotubes. The mechanism of Dox-mediated iPLA2 inhibition was evaluated using purified 6x histidine-tagged enzyme. Aequorin technology was used to assess Ca(2+) concentrations underneath the plasma membrane. Isolated muscles were exposed to fatigue protocols and eccentric contractions to evaluate the effects of Dox on muscle function. KEY

resultsDox at 1-30 μM inhibited iPLA2 activity in cells and in the purified enzyme. Dox also inhibited SAC- but not SOC-mediated Ca(2+) influx in myotubes. Stimulated elevations of Ca(2+) concentrations below the plasmalemma were also blocked. Exposure of excised muscle to Dox was not deleterious to force production and promoted recovery from eccentric contractions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Dox showed efficacy against targets known to play a role in the pathology of DMD, namely iPLA2 and SAC. The potent SAC inhibitory effect of Dox is a novel finding that can explain partly the cardiomyopathy seen in chronic anthracycline treatment.