Trial reportDiabetes care2014
Acute metabolic effects of exenatide in patients with type 1 diabetes with and without residual insulin to oral and intravenous glucose challenges.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perioperative management of patients taking glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) multidisciplinary consensus statement.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as add-on therapy to insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Clamping Cortisol and Testosterone Mitigates the Development of Insulin Resistance during Sleep Restriction in Men.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Teplizumab improves and stabilizes beta cell function in antibody-positive high-risk individuals.Science translational medicine · 2021Trial
- Exenatide extended release in patients with type 1 diabetes with and without residual insulin production.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2020Trial
- The effects of add-on exenatide to insulin on glycemic variability and hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Impact of glucagon response on early postprandial glucose excursions irrespective of residual β-cell function in type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional study using a mixed meal tolerance test.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2021Article
- Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Glutamatergic Alterations in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats Are Reversed by Exendin-4.Molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- Deletion of the glucagon receptor gene before and after experimental diabetes reveals differential protection from hyperglycemia.Molecular metabolism · 2018Article
- Article
- Weight Management in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity.Current diabetes reports · 2017Review
- Latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood: case report.Clinical diabetes and endocrinology · 2017Article
- Addressing Unmet Medical Needs in Type 1 Diabetes: A Review of Drugs Under Development.Current diabetes reviews · 2017Review
- The Time Is Right for a New Classification System for Diabetes: Rationale and Implications of the β-Cell-Centric Classification Schema.Diabetes care · 2016Article
- The clinical application of linagliptin in Asians.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2015Review
- Basal insulin combined incretin mimetic therapy with glucagon-like protein 1 receptor agonists as an upcoming option in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a practical guide to decision making.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Review
- Effects of exenatide in a morbidly obese patient with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that is released from the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with GLP-1 analogs has proven to be of clinical use for patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes, particularly those with residual β-cell function, may also respond to treatment, but the acute metabolic effects of GLP-1 analogs on these patients in reaction to both oral and intravenous glucose challenges are not well understood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seventeen patients with type 1 diabetes, half of whom had residual insulin production, underwent two mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) and two intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs), with and without pretreatment with exenatide. No exogenous bolus insulin was administered for the studies. Glucose excursions, insulin secretion rates (ISRs), and levels of glucagon, endogenous GLP-1, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide were measured after the meal or glucose loads. RESULTS During the MMTT, glucose levels were suppressed with exenatide in patients with or without residual insulin production (P = 0.0003). Exenatide treatment did not change the absolute ISR, but the ISR to glucose levels were increased (P = 0.0078). Gastric emptying was delayed (P = 0.0017), and glucagon was suppressed (P = 0.0015). None of these hormonal or glucose changes were detected during the IVGTT with exenatide administration. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide showed a significant antidiabetogenic effect prior to an oral meal in patients with type 1 diabetes involving glucagon suppression and gastric emptying, while preserving increased insulin secretion. GLP-1 analogs may be useful as an adjunctive treatment in type 1 diabetes.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.