Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23966427›Full record

SynthesisThe American journal of clinical nutrition2013

Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Vasanti S Malik, An Pan, Walter C Willett, Frank B Hu

4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 824 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
824citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02653352 nacompletednot on this map

School Randomised Trial on Prevention of Excessive Weight Gain by Discouraging Students From Drinking Sodas

TypeinterventionalSponsorRio de Janeiro State UniversityRan2005 to 2005Enrolled1,140ConditionsOverweight, ChildrenArmsLifestyle modification
NCT03173586 completednot on this map

Association Between Sugar Sweetened Beverage Intake and Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk in US Women

TypeobservationalSponsorHarvard School of Public Health (HSPH)Ran1999 to 2009Enrolled33,000ConditionsBiomarkersArmsSugar sweetened beverage (SSB)
NCT03543644 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Replacing Sugar-sweetened Beverages With Non-nutritive Sweetened Beverages or Water on Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Outcomes: STOP Sugars NOW Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of TorontoRan2018 to 2020Enrolled81ConditionsHealthy, Overweight and Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, PreDiabetesArmsSugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), Non-nutritive sweetened beverages (NSB), Water
NCT04165304 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Impact on Drinking Behaviour in Sixth-grade Students Through Changing the School Environment

TypeinterventionalSponsorSpecial Institute for Preventive Cardiology And NutritionRan2019 to 2020Enrolled431ConditionsStudents of the 6. GradeArmssugar reduction
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

824 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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764 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Vasanti S MalikDepartments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
An Pan
Walter C Willett
Frank B Hu

Funding

Transgenic CoreP30DK046200 · NIDDK · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI HU, FRANK B · 1992 to 2021
$25.0M
Sleep Duration, Childhood Energy Balance, and Insulin Resistance in AdolescenceU54CA155626 · NCI · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI STAMPFER, MEIR · 2011 to 2015
$9.6M
DIETARY PATTERNS AND RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASER01HL060712 · NHLBI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI HU, FRANK B, QI, QIBIN · 1998 to 2021
$8.0M
BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC MARKERS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES RISKR01DK058845 · NIDDK · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI HU, FRANK B · 2001 to 2013
$7.8M
TRAINING GRANT IN ACADEMIC NUTRITIONT32DK007703 · NIDDK · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI CHRISTOPHER P DUGGAN, Frank B Hu · 1994 to 2026
$7.8M
NCI NIH HHS U54CA155626NHLBI NIH HHS HL60712NIDDK NIH HHS DK58845NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK46200NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007703
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe relation between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and body weight remains controversial.

objectiveWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence in children and adults.

designWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through March 2013 for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the SSB-weight relation. Separate meta-analyses were conducted in children and adults and for cohorts and RCTs by using random- and fixed-effects models.

resultsThirty-two original articles were included in our meta-analyses: 20 in children (15 cohort studies, n = 25,745; 5 trials, n = 2772) and 12 in adults (7 cohort studies, n = 174,252; 5 trials, n = 292). In cohort studies, one daily serving increment of SSBs was associated with a 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.10) and 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.07)-unit increase in BMI in children and 0.22 kg (95% CI: 0.09, 0.34 kg) and 0.12 kg (95% CI: 0.10, 0.14 kg) weight gain in adults over 1 y in random- and fixed-effects models, respectively. RCTs in children showed reductions in BMI gain when SSBs were reduced [random and fixed effects: -0.17 (95% CI: -0.39, 0.05) and -0.12 (95% CI: -0.22, -0.2)], whereas RCTs in adults showed increases in body weight when SSBs were added (random and fixed effects: 0.85 kg; 95% CI: 0.50, 1.20 kg). Sensitivity analyses of RCTs in children showed more pronounced benefits in preventing weight gain in SSB substitution trials (compared with school-based educational programs) and among overweight children (compared with normal-weight children).

conclusionOur systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and RCTs provides evidence that SSB consumption promotes weight gain in children and adults.

Indexed as

Weight GainAdolescentAdultBeveragesBiasBody Mass IndexChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesDietary SucroseFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicDietary Sucrose

Identifiers

PMID23966427
PMCPMC3778861

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.