ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2013
Correlates of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in persons with or at high risk for HCV and HIV infections.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of non-HIV cancer risk factors in persons living with HIV/AIDS: a meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Pooled it
- Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and the Proinflammatory Effects of Injection Drug Use.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Inflammatory, procoagulant markers and HIV residual viremia in patients receiving protease inhibitor monotherapy or triple drug therapy: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Cardiovascular risk scores estimate arterial thrombotic risk in aging adults with hemophilia in the ADVANCE Japan cohort.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Thrombotic risk in hepatitis C: Interplay between hepatic dysfunction, viral-driven inflammation, and cardiovascular consequences.World journal of virology · 2025Review
- Proinflammatory Biomarkers and Clinical Factors Associated with Long-Term Mortality in People with HIV.Viruses · 2025Article
- Mu opioid receptor activation in microglia enhances HIV-1 infection and HIV-infection-induced inflammatory responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Hepatitis C Infection Is Not a Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Young Adults.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Organism profile and C-reactive protein (CRP) response are different in periprosthetic joint infection in patients with hepatitis.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2024Article
- Heroin Use Is Associated With Vascular Inflammation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Long-term Trajectories of C-Reactive Protein Among Men Living With and Without HIV Infection in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Article
- Immunosenescence in atherosclerosis: A role for chronic viral infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Nonstructured Treatment Interruptions Are Associated With Higher Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size Measured by Intact Proviral DNA Assay in People Who Inject Drugs.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Global Prevalence of HBsAg and HIV and HCV Antibodies among People Who Inject Drugs and Female Sex Workers.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases biomarkers in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: A review.Clinical cardiology · 2020Review
- The Opioid Epidemic: Impact on Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2019Review
- Reducing injection intensity is associated with decreased risk for invasive bacterial infection among high-frequency injection drug users.Harm reduction journal · 2019Article
- Association of HCV Infection with C-Reactive Protein: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2009⁻2010.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Brief Report: Higher ART Adherence Is Associated With Lower Systemic Inflammation in Treatment-Naive Ugandans Who Achieve Virologic Suppression.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Frailty and Cause-Specific Hospitalization Among Persons Aging With HIV Infection and Injection Drug Use.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections may increase interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). However, relationships between inflammatory biomarkers, chronic viral infections, clinical factors, and behavioral factors remain poorly understood.
methodsUsing linear regression, we modeled cross-sectional associations between loge IL-6 or loge CRP levels and HCV, HIV, injection drug use, and comorbidity among 1191 injection drug users.
resultsMean age was 47 years, 46.0% reported currently injecting drugs, 59.0% were HCV monoinfected, and 27% were HCV/HIV coinfected. In multivariable models, higher loge IL-6 was associated with HCV monoinfection [β = 0.191, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.043 to 0.339] and HCV/HIV coinfection (β = 0.394, 95% CI: 0.214 to 0.574). In contrast, HCV monoinfection (β = -0.523, 95% CI: -0.275 to -0.789) and HCV/HIV coinfection (β = -0.554 95% CI: -0.260 to -0.847) were associated with lower CRP. Lower CRP with HCV infection was independent of liver fibrosis severity, synthetic function, or liver injury markers; CRP decreased with higher HCV RNA. Increased injection intensity was associated with higher IL-6 (P = 0.003) and CRP (P < 0.001); increasing comorbidity (P < 0.001) and older age (P = 0.028) were associated with higher IL-6; older age was associated with higher CRP among HCV-uninfected participants (P = 0.021).
conclusionHIV and HCV infections contribute to chronic inflammation; however, reduced CRP possibly occurs through HCV-mediated mechanisms. Findings highlight potentially modifiable contributors to inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.