Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2014
The postprandial rise in plasma cortisol in men is mediated by macronutrient-specific stimulation of adrenal and extra-adrenal cortisol production.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Window Matters: A Systematic Review of Time Restricted Eating Strategies in Relation to Cortisol and Melatonin Secretion.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Characteristics and correlation analysis of postprandial free fatty acids and cortisol levels in males after different meals: a clinical trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Obesity and Insulin on Tissue-Specific Recycling Between Cortisol and Cortisone in Men.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Diet-induced weight loss alters hepatic glucocorticoid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus.European journal of endocrinology · 2020Trial
- Nutrient Intake Prior to Exercise Is Necessary for Increased Osteogenic Marker Response in Diabetic Postmenopausal Women.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Post-Prandial Changes in Salivary Glucocorticoids: Effects of Dietary Cholesterol and Associations with Bile Acid Excretion.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Glucocorticoids Acutely Increase Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Humans, Revealing Species-Specific Differences in UCP-1 Regulation.Cell metabolism · 2016Trial
- Diet-induced weight loss has chronic tissue-specific effects on glucocorticoid metabolism in overweight postmenopausal women.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2015Trial
- 5α-reductase type 1 modulates insulin sensitivity in men.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Trial
- Article
- Thermal stress responses and heat stress resilience genes in chickens are revealed through genomic and transcriptomic insights.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Morning vs. afternoon saliva: limited diurnal variation in ion composition of unstimulated whole saliva.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Chrono-nutrition and sleep: lessons from the temporal feature of eating patterns in human studies - A systematic scoping review.Sleep medicine reviews · 2024Article
- Nutritional Intervention in Cushing's Disease: The Ketogenic Diet's Effects on Metabolic Comorbidities and Adrenal Steroids.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Timing Matters: The Interplay between Early Mealtime, Circadian Rhythms, Gene Expression, Circadian Hormones, and Metabolism-A Narrative Review.Clocks & sleep · 2023Review
- Food-induced cortisol secretion is comparable in lean and obese male subjects.Endocrine connections · 2023Article
- GDF15 and Cortisol Response to Meal Tolerance Test in Post-Sleeve Gastrectomy Patients with Weight Regain.Obesity surgery · 2022Article
- Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Potential Application in the Treatment of Hypercortisolism Comorbidities.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Misaligned hormonal rhythmicity: Mechanisms of origin and their clinical significance.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextCircadian variation is a fundamental characteristic of plasma glucocorticoids, with a postprandial rise in cortisol an important feature. The diurnal rhythm is presumed to reflect alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity; however, cortisol is produced not only by the adrenal glands but also by regeneration from cortisone by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, mainly in liver and adipose tissue.
objectiveWe tested the contribution of peripheral cortisol regeneration to macronutrient-induced circadian variation of plasma cortisol in humans.
designThis was a randomized, single-blinded, crossover study.
settingThe study was conducted at a hospital research facility.
participantsEight normal-weight healthy men participated in the study.
interventionsSubjects were given isocaloric energy isodense flavor-matched liquid meals composed of carbohydrate, protein, fat, or low-calorie placebo during infusion of the stable isotope tracer 9,11,12,12-[2H]4-cortisol. OUTCOME MEASURES AND
resultsPlasma cortisol increased similarly after all macronutrient meals (by ∼90 nmol/L) compared with placebo. Carbohydrate stimulated adrenal secretion and extra-adrenal regeneration of cortisol to a similar degree. Protein and fat meals stimulated adrenal cortisol secretion to a greater degree than extra-adrenal cortisol regeneration. The increase in cortisol production by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 was in proportion to the increase in insulin. The postprandial cortisol rise was not accounted for by decreased cortisol clearance.
conclusionsFood-induced circadian variation in plasma cortisol is mediated by adrenal secretion and extra-adrenal regeneration of cortisol. Given that the latter has the more potent effect on tissue cortisol concentrations and that effects on adrenal and extra-adrenal cortisol production are macronutrient specific, this novel mechanism may contribute to the physiological interplay between insulin and glucocorticoids and the contrasting effects of certain diets on postprandial metabolism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.