Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24178997›Full record

SynthesisDiabetes care2014

Sex differences in diabetes and risk of incident coronary artery disease in healthy young and middle-aged adults.

Rita Rastogi Kalyani, Mariana Lazo, Pamela Ouyang, Evrim Turkbey, Karinne Chevalier, Frederick Brancati, Diane Becker, Dhananjay Vaidya

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes care, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.

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  20. Alterations in pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators are involved in microvascular dysfunction in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2022
    Article

9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Rita Rastogi KalyaniCorresponding author: Rita Rastogi Kalyani, rrastogi@jhmi.edu.
Mariana Lazo
Pamela Ouyang
Evrim Turkbey
Karinne Chevalier
Frederick Brancati
Diane Becker
Dhananjay Vaidya
Johns Hopkins University · USJohns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center · USNational Institutes of Health Clinical Center · US

Funding

ZINC AND CA EDTA THERAPY OF PLUMBISMM01RR000052 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 1985 to 2005
$26.8M
Genotypic Determinants of Aspirin Response in High-RiskU01HL072518 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2002 to 2005
$12.1M
Nurse Model in Black Families at Risk for Heart DiseaseR01NR008153 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2002 to 2005
$2.2M
Coronary Disease Detection by Thalluim SPECT and Fast CTR01HL071025 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2003 to 2005
$1.9M
DETERMINANTS OF CORONARY DISEASE IN HIGH RISK FAMILIESR01HL059684 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 1998 to 2001
$1.1M
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDYN01HC095166 · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT &ST AGRIC COLLEGE · 1999 to 2001
$758k
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY-FIELD CENTERN01HC095162 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 1999 to 2000
$694k
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY--FIELD CENTERN01HC095161 · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · 1999 to 2001
$642k
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY--FIELD CENTERN01HC095165 · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY · 1999 to 2001
$616k
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY--FIELD CENTERN01HC095160 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · 1999 to 2001
$592k
COMMUNITY-SITE CORONARY RISK CONTROL IN BLACK FAMILIESR18HL058625 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 1998 to 2000
$583k
Patient Oriented Research in Type 2 DiabetesK24DK062222 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2002 to 2005
$575k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001079NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000052NCRR NIH HHS M01-RR-00052NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024156NCRR NIH HHS UL1-RR-024156NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025005NCRR NIH HHS UL1-RR-025005NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095159NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095169NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95159NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95160NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95161NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95162NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95163NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95164NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95165NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95166NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95167NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95168NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95169NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL049762NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL059684NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL071025NHLBI NIH HHS R01-HL-071025NHLBI NIH HHS R01-HL-49762NHLBI NIH HHS R01-HL-59684NHLBI NIH HHS R18 HL-58625NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL072518NHLBI NIH HHS U01-HL-72518-05NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK093583NIDDK NIH HHS K23-DK-093583NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK-062222NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK062222NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK079637NIDDK NIH HHS P60 DK079637NIDDK NIH HHS P60-DK-079637NINR NIH HHS R01 NR002241NINR NIH HHS R01 NR008153NINR NIH HHS R01-NR-02241NINR NIH HHS R01-NR-08153
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveControversy exists about the coronary artery disease (CAD) risk conveyed by diabetes in young and middle-aged women. We investigated sex differences in CAD by diabetes status among healthy individuals with different underlying risks of heart disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe examined subjects aged <60 years without CAD at enrollment in the high-risk GeneSTAR Study (n = 1,448; follow-up ∼12 years), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n = 3,072; follow-up ∼7 years), and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) Mortality Follow-up Study (n = 6,997; follow-up ∼15 years). Diabetes was defined by report, hypoglycemic use, and/or fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL. The outcome was any CAD event during follow-up (fatal CAD in NHANES).

resultsIn the absence of diabetes, CAD rates were lower among women in GeneSTAR, MESA, and NHANES (4.27, 1.66, and 0.40/1,000 person-years, respectively) versus men (11.22, 5.64, and 0.88/1,000 person-years); log-rank P < 0.001 (GeneSTAR/MESA) and P = 0.07 (NHANES). In the presence of diabetes, CAD event rates were similar among women (17.65, 7.34, and 2.37/1,000 person-years) versus men (12.86, 9.71, and 1.83/1,000 person-years); all log-rank P values > 0.05. Adjusting for demographics, diabetes was associated with a significant four- to fivefold higher CAD rate among women in each cohort, without differences in men. In meta-analyses of three cohorts, additionally adjusted for BMI, smoking, hypertension, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol, antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering medication use, the hazard ratio of CAD in men versus women among nondiabetes was 2.43 (1.76-3.35) and diabetes was 0.89 (0.43-1.83); P = 0.013 interaction by diabetes status.

conclusionsThough young and middle-aged women are less likely to develop CAD in the absence of diabetes, the presence of diabetes equalizes the risk by sex. Our findings support aggressive CAD prevention strategies in women with diabetes and at similar levels to those that exist in men.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCoronary Artery DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysRisk FactorsSex FactorsYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID24178997
PMCPMC3931379
OpenAlexW2161508696

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.