Evidence mapPaperPMID 24261746Full record

ArticleEthnicity & health2014

A comparative analysis of risk factors for stroke in blacks and whites: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Rachel R Huxley, Elizabeth J Bell, Pamela L Lutsey, Cheryl Bushnell, Eyal Shahar, Wayne Rosamond, Rebecca Gottesman, Aaron Folsom

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Ethnicity & health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Incidence of Stroke in People With Diabetes Compared to Those Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association · 2023
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Associations of Multimorbid Medical Conditions and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older African American Men.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2018
    Article
  7. Associations of Brain Structure With Adiposity and Changes in Adiposity in a Middle-Aged and Older Biracial Population.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2017
    Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Rachel R Huxleya Division of Epidemiology and Community Health , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
Elizabeth J Bell
Pamela L Lutsey
Cheryl Bushnell
Eyal Shahar
Wayne Rosamond
Rebecca Gottesman
Aaron Folsom
University of Minnesota · USJohns Hopkins Medicine · USUniversity of Arizona · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USWake Forest University · US

Funding

Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology &Prevention TrngT32HL007779 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · 1994 to 2025
$2.2M
NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100005CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100005GNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100005INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100006CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100007CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100007INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100008CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100008INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100009CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100009INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100010CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100011CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100011INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100012CNHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007779
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePrevious studies have speculated that the higher stroke incidence rate (IR) in blacks compared with whites may be due, in part, to stroke risk factors exerting a more adverse effect among blacks than whites. To determine whether such racial differences exist we compared the prospective associations between novel, traditional, and emerging stroke risk factors in blacks and whites.

designBaseline characteristics on risk factor levels were obtained on 15,407 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke incidence was ascertained from 1987 to 2008. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for stroke in relation to stroke risk factor levels stratified by race.

resultsDuring follow-up, 988 stroke events occurred: blacks had higher stroke incident rates compared with whites with the greatest difference in those aged <60 years: 4.34, 3.24, 1.20, and 0.84 per 1000 person-years, in black men, black women, white men, and white women, respectively. Associations between risk factors with incident stroke were similar in blacks and whites excluding diabetes which was more strongly associated with the risk of stroke in blacks than in whites: HR 2.54 (95% CI: 2.03-3.18) versus 1.74 (1.37-2.21), respectively; p for race interaction=0.02.

conclusionsAt all ages, blacks are at a considerably higher risk of incident stroke compared with whites, although the effect is most marked in younger age groups. This is most likely due to blacks having a greater burden of stroke risk factors rather than there being any substantial race differences in the associations between risk factors and stroke outcomes.

Indexed as

Age DistributionAtherosclerosisBlack or African AmericanBlack PeopleBlood PressureBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansIncidenceInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesResidence CharacteristicsRisk Factorsracial differencesrisk factorsstroke

Identifiers

PMID24261746
PMCPMC4029919
OpenAlexW1998437238

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.