Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2014
Carbohydrate feeding dissociates the postprandial FGF19 response from circulating bile acid levels in humans.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Upper-gastrointestinal tract metabolite profile regulates glycaemic and satiety responses to meals with contrasting structure: a pilot study.Nature metabolism · 2025Trial
- Circulating bile acids in healthy adults respond differently to a dietary pattern characterized by whole grains, legumes and fruits and vegetables compared to a diet high in refined grains and added sugars: A randomized, controlled, crossover feeding study.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2018Trial
- Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery Has Unique Effects on Postprandial FGF21 but Not FGF19 Secretion.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2017Trial
- FGF 19 and Bile Acids Increase Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass but Not After Medical Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Obesity surgery · 2016Trial
- Article
- High leafy and root vegetables and high rice dietary patterns were associated with primary and secondary bile acid levels in the feces.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Interaction Between Early Meals (Big-Breakfast Diet), Clock Gene mRNA Expression, and Gut Microbiome to Regulate Weight Loss and Glucose Metabolism in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Gut-muscle communication links FGF19 levels to the loss of lean muscle mass following rapid weight loss.Diabetes & metabolism · 2024Article
- Intestinal FGF15 regulates bile acid and cholesterol metabolism but not glucose and energy balance.JCI insight · 2024Article
- The Black Box Orchestra of Gut Bacteria and Bile Acids: Who Is the Conductor?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Long-Term Dietary Patterns Are Reflected in the Plasma Inflammatory Proteome of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Intestinal-derived FGF15 protects against deleterious effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy in mice.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Human Postprandial Nutrient Metabolism and Low-Grade Inflammation: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Fibroblast growth factors 19 and 21 in acute liver damage.Annals of translational medicine · 2018Review
- The Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2018Review
- Bile Acid Signaling Pathways from the Enterohepatic Circulation to the Central Nervous System.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2017Review
- Mechanism Underlying the Weight Loss and Complications of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Review.Obesity surgery · 2016Review
- Opposite alterations in FGF21 and FGF19 levels and disturbed expression of the receptor machinery for endocrine FGFs in obese patients.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextFibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) improves glycemic control in diabetic animals and is secreted from the gastrointestinal tract after meals in response to bile acid stimulation.
objectiveWe sought to understand how ingestion of carbohydrates, protein or lipids affect both FGF19 and bile acid concentrations in human plasma, with the hypothesis that variation in the bile acid response to different macronutrients would predict differences in plasma FGF19 levels.
designThis was a randomized, within-subjects crossover study.
settingThe study was conducted at a university clinical research center.
participantsThere were 16 healthy human subjects included in the study.
interventionsIsocaloric, isovolemic beverages composed primarily of carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids were provided to each participant on 3 separate occasions.
main outcome measuresThe magnitudes of postprandial rises of plasma FGF19 and total bile acid levels were determined.
resultsAll beverages induced an initial transient decline of plasma FGF19 levels during the first 60 minutes after consumption. For FGF19, the ingestion of carbohydrate was associated with the fastest and highest increase of plasma levels, returning to baseline at 5 hours. By comparison, the protein beverage induced a modest but significant elevation of FGF19 levels that peaked at the end of the 6-hour sampling interval, whereas a lipid beverage was without effect. In contrast, total bile acid levels increased in plasma only in response to a high-lipid beverage, demonstrating a marked divergence between the FGF19 and bile acid response to lipid vs carbohydrate.
conclusionsA bile acid-independent mechanism is implicated in the effect of meals to raise plasma FGF19 concentrations.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.