Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24315620›Full record

ReviewLancet (London, England)2014

Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future.

Steven E Kahn, Mark E Cooper, Stefano Del Prato

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Lancet (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04271189 (A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel-group, Adaptive Design Phase IIb/III, Multicenter Study, to Assess the Efficacy of Polychemotherapy for Inducing Remission of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.), which is not on this map. Cited by 703 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
703citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
54.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04271189 phase3completedstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel-group, Adaptive Design Phase IIb/III, Multicenter Study, to Assess the Efficacy of Polychemotherapy for Inducing Remission of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.

Ran2020Enrolled108Registered outcomes10Posted comparisons0ConditionsNewly Diagnosed Type 2 DiabetesArmsMetformin-Sitagliptin-Empaglifozin-Pioglitazone, Standard of care
PMID 17914032PMID 23116881PMID 26138864PMID 24463454PMID 11832527PMID 23354123PMID 26868433PMID 26696678PMID 26670418PMID 26378978PMID 24738668PMID 34462270other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

703 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,720 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Occupational particle exposure and diabetes: a cohort study in Swedish construction workers.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2026
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643 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Steven E KahnDivision of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: skahn@uw.edu.
Mark E CooperDiabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Stefano Del PratoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy.
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute · AUUniversity of Pisa · ITUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 1986 to 2025
$12.6M
NIDDK NIH HHS DK-017047NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glucose metabolism is normally regulated by a feedback loop including islet β cells and insulin-sensitive tissues, in which tissue sensitivity to insulin affects magnitude of β-cell response. If insulin resistance is present, β cells maintain normal glucose tolerance by increasing insulin output. Only when β cells cannot release sufficient insulin in the presence of insulin resistance do glucose concentrations rise. Although β-cell dysfunction has a clear genetic component, environmental changes play an essential part. Modern research approaches have helped to establish the important role that hexoses, aminoacids, and fatty acids have in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, and the potential role of changes in the microbiome. Several new approaches for treatment have been developed, but more effective therapies to slow progressive loss of β-cell function are needed. Recent findings from clinical trials provide important information about methods to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes and some of the adverse effects of these interventions. However, additional long-term studies of drugs and bariatric surgery are needed to identify new ways to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes and thereby reduce the harmful effects of this disease.

Indexed as

Bariatric SurgeryDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Epigenesis, GeneticGene-Environment InteractionGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGlucagon-Secreting CellsGlucoseHumansInflammationInsulinInsulin ResistanceInsulin-Secreting CellsObesityGlucoseInsulin

Identifiers

PMID24315620
PMCPMC4226760
OpenAlexW2153399820

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.