Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24351189›Full record

SynthesisJournal of diabetes science and technology2013

Algorithms for a closed-loop artificial pancreas: the case for proportional-integral-derivative control.

Garry M Steil

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative StudyMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02299479 (Adjusting Insulin Delivery to Activity), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02299479 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Adjusting Insulin Delivery to Activity (AIDA)

TypeinterventionalSponsorBoston Children's HospitalRan2015 to 2017Enrolled20ConditionsDiabetes, Nocturnal HypoglycemiaArmsDexcom G4 Platinum CGM, Activity monitor
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Metabolic Models, in Silico Trials, and Algorithms.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2025
    Review
  12. Metabolic Models, in Silico Trials, and Algorithms.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025
    Review
  13. Diabetes Technology Meeting 2021.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2022
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Closed-loop control of continuous piperacillin delivery: AnFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Embedded Model Predictive Control for a Wearable Artificial Pancreas.IEEE transactions on control systems technology : a publication of the IEEE Control Systems Society · 2020
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Garry M SteilChildren's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02215. garry.steil@childrens/harvard.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Closed-loop insulin delivery continues to be one of most promising strategies for achieving near-normal control of blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes. Of the many components that need to work well for the artificial pancreas to be advanced into routine use, the algorithm used to calculate insulin delivery has received a substantial amount of attention. Most of that attention has focused on the relative merits of proportional-integral-derivative versus model-predictive control. A meta-analysis of the clinical data obtained in studies performed to date with these approaches is conducted here, with the objective of determining if there is a trend for one approach to be performing better than the other approach. Challenges associated with implementing each approach are reviewed with the objective of determining how these approaches might be improved. Results of the meta-analysis, which focused predominantly on the breakfast meal response, suggest that to date, the two approaches have performed similarly. However, uncontrolled variables among the various studies, and the possibility that future improvements could still be effected in either approach, limit the validity of this conclusion. It is suggested that a more detailed examination of the challenges associated with implementing each approach be conducted.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsPancreas, ArtificialBlood GlucoseComputer SimulationDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1HumansInsulinModels, BiologicalTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseInsulin

Identifiers

PMID24351189
PMCPMC3876341

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.