Evidence mapPaperPMID 24533045Full record

SynthesisPloS one2014

Safety and efficacy of gliclazide as treatment for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Gijs W D Landman, Geertruide H de Bock, Kornelis J J van Hateren, Peter R van Dijk, Klaas H Groenier, Rijk O B Gans, Sebastiaan T Houweling, Henk J G Bilo, Nanne Kleefstra

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trends in the Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Japanese Practitioners.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Current Position of Gliclazide and Sulfonylureas in the Contemporary Treatment Paradigm for Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2022
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Identification ofMicroorganisms · 2021
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Glucocrinology of Modern Sulfonylureas: Clinical Evidence and Practice-Based Opinion from an International Expert Group.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2019
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Gijs W D LandmanDiabetes Centre Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Geertruide H de BockDepartment of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Kornelis J J van HaterenDiabetes Centre Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Peter R van DijkDiabetes Centre Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Klaas H GroenierDepartment of General Practice, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Rijk O B GansDepartment Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Sebastiaan T HouwelingDiabetes Centre Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Henk J G BiloDiabetes Centre Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands ; Department Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ; Department of Internal Medicine, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Nanne KleefstraDiabetes Centre Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Reformed University of Applied Sciences · NLUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NLIsala · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND

designGliclazide has been associated with a low risk of hypoglycemic episodes and beneficial long-term cardiovascular safety in observational cohorts. The aim of this study was to assess in a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials the safety and efficacy of gliclazide compared to other oral glucose-lowering agents (PROSPERO2013:CRD42013004156). DATA SOURCES: Medline, EMBASE, Clinicaltrials.gov, Trialregister.nl, Clinicaltrialsregister.eu and the Cochrane database. SELECTION: Included were randomized studies of at least 12 weeks duration with the following outcomes: HbA1c change, incidence of severe hypoglycemia, weight change, cardiovascular events and/or mortality when comparing gliclazide with other oral blood glucose lowering drugs. Bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The inverse variance random effects model was used.

resultsNineteen trials were included; 3,083 patients treated with gliclazide and 3,155 patients treated with other oral blood glucose lowering drugs. There was a considerable amount of heterogeneity between and bias in studies. Compared to other glucose lowering agents except metformin, gliclazide was slightly more effective (-0.13% (95%CI: -0.25, -0.02, I(2) 55%)). One out of 2,387 gliclazide users experienced a severe hypoglycemic event, whilst also using insulin. There were 25 confirmed non-severe hypoglycemic events (2.2%) in 1,152 gliclazide users and 22 events (1.8%) in 1,163 patients in the comparator group (risk ratio 1.09 (95% CI: 0.20, 5.78, I² 77%)). Few studies reported differences in weight and none were designed to evaluate cardiovascular outcomes.

conclusionsThe methodological quality of randomized trials comparing gliclazide to other oral glucose lowering agents was poor and effect estimates on weight were limited by publication bias. The number of severe hypoglycemic episodes was extremely low, and gliclazide appears at least equally effective compared to other glucose lowering agents. None of the trials were designed for evaluating cardiovascular outcomes, which warrants attention in future randomized trials.

Indexed as

Administration, OralBlood GlucoseBody WeightCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2GliclazideHumansHypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseGliclazideHypoglycemic Agents

Identifiers

PMID24533045
PMCPMC3922704
OpenAlexW1973766681

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.