Trial reportPediatric diabetes2015
Effects of low dose metformin in adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study.
Trial report in Pediatric diabetes, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of variable-dose metformin as adjunctive therapy to insulin in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Metformin as Add-on Therapy to Insulin in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Effect and Safety of Adding Metformin to Insulin Therapy in Treating Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 10 Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Age, sex, disease severity, and disease duration difference in placebo response: implications from a meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association.Diabetes care · 2018Guideline
- Drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Effects of Metformin Added to Insulin in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: An Exploratory Crossover Randomized Trial.Journal of diabetes research · 2020Trial
- Metformin Improves Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Trial
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Metformin Therapy in Overweight/Obese Youth with Type 1 Diabetes.PloS one · 2015 · on this mapTrial
- GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce body mass index and total daily insulin dose in youth with type 1 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM · 2026Observational
- Barriers to Type 1 Diabetes Adherence in Adolescents.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Multi-Faceted Influence of Obesity on Type 1 Diabetes in Children - From Disease Pathogenesis to Complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- The use of metformin as an add-on therapy to insulin in the treatment of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus in adolescents.Metabolism open · 2021Article
- The Current and Potential Therapeutic Use of Metformin-The Good Old Drug.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Nutrition and Obesity in the Pathogenesis of Youth-Onset Type 1 Diabetes and Its Complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Analysis of Time Course and Dose Effect From Metformin on Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- The clinical application of metformin in children and adolescents: A short update.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2020Review
- Metformin Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Vascular Health in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Circulation · 2018Article
- Pathogenesis of Lipid Disorders in Insulin Resistance: a Brief Review.Current diabetes reports · 2018Review
- Understanding of type 1 diabetes mellitus: what we know and where we go.Korean journal of pediatrics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInsulin resistance increases during adolescence in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), complicating glycemic control and potentially increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Metformin, typically used in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a possible adjunct therapy in T1DM to help improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity.
objectiveWe hypothesized that metformin would improve metabolic parameters in adolescents with T1DM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsThis randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial included 74 pubertal adolescents (ages: 13-20 yr) with T1DM. Participants were randomized to receive either metformin or placebo for 6 months. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin dose, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months, with fasting lipids measured at baseline and 6 months.
resultsTotal daily insulin dose, BMI z-score and waist circumference significantly decreased at 3 and 6 months compared to baseline within the metformin group, even among normal-weight participants. In the placebo group, total insulin dose and systolic blood pressure increased significantly at 3 months and total insulin dose increased significantly at 6 months. No significant change was observed in HbA1c at any time point between metformin and placebo groups or within either group.
conclusionsLow-dose metformin likely improves BMI as well as insulin sensitivity in T1DM adolescents, as indicated by a decrease in total daily insulin dose. The decrease in waist circumference indicates that fat distribution is also likely impacted by metformin in T1DM. Further studies with higher metformin doses and more detailed measurements are needed to confirm these results, their underlying mechanisms, and potential impact on CVD in T1DM youth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.