Trial reportDiabetes technology & therapeutics2014
Adding heart rate signal to a control-to-range artificial pancreas system improves the protection against hypoglycemia during exercise in type 1 diabetes.
Trial report in Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility Study of Closed Loop Control in Type 1 Diabetes Using Heart Rate Monitoring as an Exercise Marker
Evaluating the Dynamics of Insulin and Non-insulin Mediated Effects on Glucose During Aerobic Exercise in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes
Setting a New Algorithm For the Management of Exercise-induced Glycemic Variations in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes in Intensive Therapy With Hybrid Closed-loop Systems
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of Main Factors Explaining Glucose Dynamics During and Immediately After Moderate Exercise in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2015Pooled it
- Safety and Feasibility Evaluation of Step Count Informed Meal Boluses in Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2022Trial
- Prediction of Hypoglycemia During Aerobic Exercise in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2019Trial
- Closed loop control in adolescents and children during winter sports: Use of the Tandem Control-IQ AP system.Pediatric diabetes · 2019Trial
- Randomized Outpatient Trial of Single- and Dual-Hormone Closed-Loop Systems That Adapt to Exercise Using Wearable Sensors.Diabetes care · 2018Trial
- Closed-Loop Control During Intense Prolonged Outdoor Exercise in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: The Artificial Pancreas Ski Study.Diabetes care · 2017Trial
- Closed-loop glucose control in young people with type 1 diabetes during and after unannounced physical activity: a randomised controlled crossover trial.Diabetologia · 2017Trial
- Mitigating Reductions in Glucose During Exercise on Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery: The Ex-Snacks Study.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2016Trial
- Randomized trial of a dual-hormone artificial pancreas with dosing adjustment during exercise compared with no adjustment and sensor-augmented pump therapy.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2016Trial
- The impact of accelerometer use in exercise-associated hypoglycemia prevention in type 1 diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2015Trial
- Emergency delivery of particulate drugs by active ejection using in vivo wireless devices.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- EEG oscillations and related brain generators of phonation phases in long utterances.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Metabolic Models, in Silico Trials, and Algorithms.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Metabolic Models, in Silico Trials, and Algorithms.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Review
- Research Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities in Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Review
- Themes, Rates, and Risk of Adverse Events of the Artificial Pancreas in the United States Using MAUDE.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Detection of Meals and Physical Activity Events From Free-Living Data of People With Diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Article
- Quantifying insulin-mediated and noninsulin-mediated changes in glucose dynamics during resistance exercise in type 1 diabetes.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- The Type 1 Diabetes and EXercise Initiative: Predicting Hypoglycemia Risk During Exercise for Participants with Type 1 Diabetes Using Repeated Measures Random Forest.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2023Article
- An integrated wearable microneedle array for the continuous monitoring of multiple biomarkers in interstitial fluid.Nature biomedical engineering · 2022Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe present a clinical trial establishing the feasibility of a control-to-range (CTR) closed-loop system informed by heart rate (HR) and assess the effect of HR information added to CTR on the risk for hypoglycemia during and after exercise. SUBJECTS AND
methodsTwelve subjects with type 1 diabetes (five men, seven women; weight, 68.9 ± 3.1 kg; age, 38 ± 3.3 years; glycated hemoglobin, 6.9 ± 0.2%) participated in a randomized crossover clinical trial comparing CTR versus CTR+HR in two 26-h admissions, each including 30 min of mild exercise. The CTR algorithm was implemented in the DiAs portable artificial pancreas platform based on an Android(®) (Google, Mountainview, CA) smartphone. We assessed blood glucose (BG) decline during exercise, the Low BG Index (LBGI) (a measure of hypoglycemic risk), number of hypoglycemic episodes (BG <70 mg/dL) and overall glucose control (percentage time within the target range 70 mg/dL ≤ BG ≤ 180 mg/dL).
resultsUsing HR to inform the CTR algorithm reduced significantly the BG decline during exercise (P=0.022), indicated marginally lower LBGI (P=0.3) and fewer hypoglycemic events during exercise (none vs. two events; P=0.16), and resulted in overall higher percentage time within the target range (81% vs. 75%; P=0.2). LBGI and average BG remained unchanged overall, during recovery, and overnight.
conclusionsHR-informed closed-loop control can be implemented in a portable artificial pancreas. Although closed loop has been shown to reduce hypoglycemia, adding HR signal may further limit the risk for hypoglycemia during and immediately after exercise. The most prominent effect of adding HR information is reduced BG decline during exercise, without deterioration of overall glycemic control.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.