ArticleJournal of health care for the poor and underserved2014
Low socioeconomic status is associated with increased risk for hypoglycemia in diabetes patients: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE).
Article in Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Multilevel and Multidomain Interventions to Improve Glycemic Control in U.S. Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Diabetes care · 2024Pooled it
- Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Registry-Based Studies of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review.Current diabetes reports · 2019Pooled it
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adverse Drug Events: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2015Pooled it
- Material need support interventions for diabetes prevention and control: a systematic review.Current diabetes reports · 2015Pooled it
- A Patient- and Function-Centric Model/Approach for Hypoglycemia Management in Older Adults.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Hepatic Glycogenosis Resulting in Hyperammonemia in a Young Adult With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Explaining the Self-Care Behaviors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Based on Adverse Childhood Experiences, Subjective Socioeconomic Status, and Mindfulness in Isfahan, Iran.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Observations of Glucagon-Prescribing Patterns for High-Risk People With Diabetes Within a Federally Qualified Health Center.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Review
- Racial and ethnic disparities in the burden of non-obese type 2 diabetes using different anthropometric measurements.Obesity medicine · 2025Article
- Food Insecurity and Hypoglycemia among Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Insulin or Sulfonylureas: The Diabetes & Aging Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Immunopathogenesis of urticaria: a clinical perspective on histamine and cytokine involvement.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Review
- Article
- A Scoping Review of Possible Solutions for Decreasing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of Social Vulnerability on Diabetes-Related Cardiovascular Mortality in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Long-Term Effectiveness of the TIME Intervention to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in Low-Income Settings: a 2-Year Follow-Up.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Article
- Educational Attainment Is Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the German CKD (GCKD) Cohort.Kidney international reports · 2022Article
- Association of Area-Level Socioeconomic Deprivation With Hypoglycemic and Hyperglycemic Crises in US Adults With Diabetes.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Spectrum of thyroid function test among type 2 diabetic patients attending a rural health facility, southwest Nigeria: A hospital-based study.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSocial risk factors for hypoglycemia are not well understood.
methodsCross-sectional analysis from the DISTANCE study, a multi-language, ethnically-stratified random sample of adults in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California diabetes registry, conducted in 2005-2006 (response rate 62%). Exposures were income and educational attainment; outcome was patient report of severe hypoglycemia. To test the association, we used multivariable logistic regression to adjust for demographic and clinical factors.
results14,357 patients were included. Reports of severe hypoglycemia were common (11%), and higher in low-income vs. high-income (16% vs. 8.8) and low-education vs. high-education (11.9% vs. 8.9%) groups. In multivariable analysis, incomes of less than $15,000 (OR 1.51 95%CI 1.19-1.91), $15,000-$24,999 (OR 1.57 95%CI 1.27-1.94), and high school or less education (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.24-1.63) were associated with increased hypoglycemia, similar to insulin use (OR 1.44 95%CI 1.19-1.74).
conclusionsLow income and educational attainment are important risk factors for hypoglycemia.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.