Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24924665›Full record

SynthesisAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2014

Smoking and increased Alzheimer's disease risk: a review of potential mechanisms.

Timothy C Durazzo, Niklas Mattsson, Michael W Weiner, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Open access · hybridAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 256 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
256citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

256 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 448 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. The Impact of Older Age on Smoking Cessation Outcomes After Standard Advice to Quit.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2023
    Trial
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  19. Preliminary Investigation of the Association Between Epigenetic Aging Acceleration and Amyloid Biomarkers in Bipolar Disorder.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

196 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Timothy C DurazzoCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: timothy.durazzo@ucsf.edu.
Niklas MattssonCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
Michael W WeinerCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
San Francisco VA Medical Center · USUniversity of California System · US

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeU01AG024904 · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · 2004 to 2005
$21.3M
SUBCORTICAL INFARCTION, CORTICAL METABOLISM, AND DEMENTIAP01AG012435 · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · 1994 to 2005
$12.4M
UC DAVIS ALZHEIMERS DISEASE CENTER COREP30AG010129 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · 1991 to 2005
$7.1M
Prediction of Cognitive Decline with MRI and MRSR01AG010897 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · 1992 to 2005
$4.2M
NIA NIH HHS K01 AG030514NIA NIH HHS P01 AG012435NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010129NIA NIH HHS R01 AG010897NIA NIH HHS R01 AG012435NIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904NIDA NIH HHS DA24136NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA024136
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCigarette smoking has been linked with both increased and decreased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is relevant for the US military because the prevalence of smoking in the military is approximately 11% higher than in civilians.

methodsA systematic review of published studies on the association between smoking and increased risk for AD and preclinical and human literature on the relationships between smoking, nicotine exposure, and AD-related neuropathology was conducted. Original data from comparisons of smoking and never-smoking cognitively normal elders on in vivo amyloid imaging are also presented.

resultsOverall, literature indicates that former/active smoking is related to a significantly increased risk for AD. Cigarette smoke/smoking is associated with AD neuropathology in preclinical models and humans. Smoking-related cerebral oxidative stress is a potential mechanism promoting AD pathology and increased risk for AD.

conclusionsA reduction in the incidence of smoking will likely reduce the future prevalence of AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAnimalsBrainHumansNicotineNicotinic AgonistsOxidative StressRisk FactorsSmokingNicotineNicotinic AgonistsAlzheimer's diseaseAmyloidCigarette smokingMilitaryOxidative stressRiskTauTobaccoU.S. Armed Services

Identifiers

PMID24924665
PMCPMC4098701
OpenAlexW2142529576

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.