ArticlePloS one2014
Inflammatory biomarkers in atherosclerosis: pentraxin 3 can become a novel marker of plaque vulnerability.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-1-Mediated Inflammation in Human Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review of Endarterectomy-Based Evidence.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Circulating biomarkers of carotid plaque vulnerability: current evidence, emerging markers, and barriers to clinical implementation.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Serum PTX3 Levels Correlate with Fibrous Cap Discontinuity and Focal Inflammation in Carotid Vulnerable Plaque: A High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Vessel Wall Imaging Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association Between Pentraxins and Obesity in Prediabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers to Predict Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Predicting Major Adverse Carotid Cerebrovascular Events in Patients with Carotid Stenosis: Integrating a Panel of Plasma Protein Biomarkers and Clinical Features-A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Update on Biomarkers Associated with Large-Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Current Biomarkers for Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Oxidized Low-density Lipoproteins and Lipopolysaccharides Augment Carotid Artery Plaque Vulnerability in Hypercholesterolemic Microswine.Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Circulating Regulatory B-Lymphocytes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Leukocyte Count Predicts Carotid Artery Stenosis in Men with Ischemic Stroke: Sub Study of the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS).Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Association between Endodontic Infection, Its Treatment and Systemic Health: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Synopsis of Biomarkers of Atheromatous Plaque Formation, Rupture and Thrombosis in the Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndromes.Current cardiology reviews · 2022Review
- Downregulation of TIGIT Expression in FOXP3+Regulatory T Cells in Acute Coronary Syndrome.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Serum Biomarkers in Carotid Artery Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Novel Therapeutical Approaches to Managing Atherosclerotic Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- COMP (Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein) Neoepitope: A Novel Biomarker to Identify Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2021Article
- Relationship of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Carotid Plaque Vulnerability and Occurrence of Vulnerable Carotid Plaque in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.BioMed research international · 2021Review
- Biphasic roles of pentraxin 3 in cerebrovascular function after white matter stroke.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2021Article
- Search for Reliable Circulating Biomarkers to Predict Carotid Plaque Vulnerability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation is crucially involved in the development of carotid plaques. We examined the relationship between plaque vulnerability and inflammatory biomarkers using intraoperative blood and tissue specimens. We examined 58 patients with carotid stenosis. Following carotid plaque magnetic resonance imaging, 41 patients underwent carotid artery stenting (CAS) and 17 underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Blood samples were obtained from the femoral artery (systemic) and common carotid artery immediately before and after CAS (local). Seventeen resected CEA tissue samples were embedded in paraffin, and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses for IL-6, IL-10, E-selectin, adiponectin, and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) were performed. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNFα, E-selectin, VCAM-1, adiponectin, hs-CRP, and PTX3 were measured by multiplex bead array system and ELISA. CAS-treated patients were classified as stable plaques (n = 21) and vulnerable plaques (n = 20). The vulnerable group showed upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα), endothelial activation markers (E-selectin and VCAM-1), and inflammation markers (hs-CRP and PTX3) and downregulation of the anti-inflammatory markers (adiponectin and IL-10). PTX3 levels in both systemic and intracarotid samples before and after CAS were higher in the vulnerable group than in the stable group. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that IL-6 was localized to inflammatory cells in the vulnerable plaques, and PTX3 was observed in the endothelial and perivascular cells. Our findings reveal that carotid plaque vulnerability is modulated by the upregulation and downregulation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, respectively. PTX3 may thus be a potential predictive marker of plaque vulnerability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.