Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24982115›Full record

ArticleCirculation2014

Healthy lifestyle change and subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Bonnie Spring, Arlen C Moller, Laura A Colangelo, Juned Siddique, Megan Roehrig, Martha L Daviglus, Joseph F Polak, Jared P Reis, Stephen Sidney, Kiang Liu

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Circulation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
114citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
14.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

114 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 208 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Generational differences in the physical activity of UK South Asians: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2015
    Pooled it
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  7. Lifestyle intervention effects on the frequency and duration of daily moderate-vigorous physical activity and leisure screen time.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2017
    Trial
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  10. Meal Timing Patterns and Associations with Fat Mass in Adolescents.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
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54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Bonnie SpringFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (B.S., A.C.M., L.A.C., J.S., M.R., M.L.D., K.L.); Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); and Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (S.S.). bspring@northwestern.edu.
Arlen C MollerFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (B.S., A.C.M., L.A.C., J.S., M.R., M.L.D., K.L.); Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); and Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (S.S.).
Laura A ColangeloFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (B.S., A.C.M., L.A.C., J.S., M.R., M.L.D., K.L.); Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); and Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (S.S.).
Juned SiddiqueFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (B.S., A.C.M., L.A.C., J.S., M.R., M.L.D., K.L.); Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); and Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (S.S.).
Megan RoehrigFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (B.S., A.C.M., L.A.C., J.S., M.R., M.L.D., K.L.); Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); and Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (S.S.).
Martha L DaviglusFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (B.S., A.C.M., L.A.C., J.S., M.R., M.L.D., K.L.); Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); and Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (S.S.).
Joseph F PolakFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (B.S., A.C.M., L.A.C., J.S., M.R., M.L.D., K.L.); Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); and Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (S.S.).
Jared P ReisFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (B.S., A.C.M., L.A.C., J.S., M.R., M.L.D., K.L.); Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); and Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (S.S.).
Stephen SidneyFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (B.S., A.C.M., L.A.C., J.S., M.R., M.L.D., K.L.); Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); and Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (S.S.).
Kiang LiuFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (B.S., A.C.M., L.A.C., J.S., M.R., M.L.D., K.L.); Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); and Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (S.S.).
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute · USTufts University · US

Funding

Multiple Behavior Change in Diet and ActivityR01HL075451 · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · 2004 to 2005
$1.5M
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE RISK DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG ADULTS-N01HC95095-268095095N01HC095095 · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · 1989 to 2005
$376k
CORONARY HEART DISEASE RISK IN YOUNG ADULTSN01HC048047 · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · 1985 to 2000
$171k
STUDY CORONARY HEART DISEASE RISK IN YOUNG ADULTSN01HC048050 · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · 1985 to 2000
$102k
STUDY CORONARY HEART DISEASE RISK IN YOUNG ADULTSN01HC048049 · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY · 1985 to 2000
$71k
NCI NIH HHS CA154862NCI NIH HHS K07 CA154862NHLBI NIH HHS HL075451NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC048047NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095095NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-48047NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-48050NHLBI NIH HHS N01-HC-95095NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL075451NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020404
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe benefits of healthy habits are well established, but it is unclear whether making health behavior changes as an adult can still alter coronary artery disease risk. METHODS AND

resultsThe Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) prospective cohort study (n=3538) assessed 5 healthy lifestyle factors (HLFs) among young adults aged 18 to 30 years (year 0 baseline) and 20 years later (year 20): not overweight/obese, low alcohol intake, healthy diet, physically active, nonsmoker. We tested whether change from year 0 to 20 in a continuous composite HLF score (HLF change; range, -5 to +5) is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcification and carotid intima-media thickness) at year 20, after adjustment for demographics, medications, and baseline HLFs. By year 20, 25.3% of the sample improved (HLF change ≥+1); 40.4% deteriorated (had fewer HLFs); 34.4% stayed the same; and 19.2% had coronary artery calcification (>0). Each increase in HLFs was associated with reduced odds of detectable coronary artery calcification (odds ratio=0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.98) and lower intima-media thickness (carotid bulb β=-0.024, P=0.001), and each decrease in HLFs was predictive to a similar degree of greater odds of coronary artery calcification (odds ratio=1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.33) and greater intima-media thickness (β=+0.020, P<0.01).

conclusionsHealthy lifestyle changes during young adulthood are associated with decreased risk and unhealthy lifestyle changes are associated with increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorHealth PromotionLife StyleAdolescentAdultAlcohol DrinkingBody Mass IndexCalcinosisCarotid Intima-Media ThicknessCoronary Artery DiseaseDietFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMotor Activitybehavioral medicinebehavior modificationcardiovascular diseasesepidemiologyfollow-up studypreventionrisk factors

Identifiers

PMID24982115
PMCPMC4615574
OpenAlexW2022707597

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.