ReviewCurrent opinion in HIV and AIDS2014
Is the central nervous system a reservoir of HIV-1?
Review in Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV RNA Rebound in Seminal Plasma after Antiretroviral Treatment Interruption.Journal of virology · 2020Trial
- Persistent HIV-infected cells in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with poorer neurocognitive performance.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- Heterogeneous antiretroviral drug distribution and HIV/SHIV detection in the gut of three species.Science translational medicine · 2019Trial
- Brain viral reservoir seeding and neurological metabolic dysregulation in early-life immunodeficiency virus infection.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- HIV associated epigenetic trends and chronic diseases: insights into the hidden burden of chronic infection.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Review
- CEST MRI assessment of HIV-1-associated neurometabolic impairments in a humanized mouse model.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of interrupting antiretroviral therapy started during primary HIV-1 infection on plasma neurofilament light chain protein, a marker of neuronal injury: The SPARTAC trial.Journal of virus eradication · 2024Article
- Glutathione in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- The prevalence and outcomes of depression in older HIV-positive adults in Northern Tanzania: a longitudinal study.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Quantification of nine antiretroviral drugs in cerebrospinal fluid: An approach to overcome sample collection tube adsorption.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Archival HIV DNA in Brain and Lymphoid Tissues.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Elevation of cell-associated HIV-1 transcripts in CSF CD4+ T cells, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, is linked to brain injury.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Shock and kill within the CNS: A promising HIV eradication approach?Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- HIV-1 Tat endocytosis and retention in endolysosomes affects HIV-1 Tat-induced LTR transactivation in astrocytes.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Article
- Retroviral infection of human neurospheres and use of stem Cell EVs to repair cellular damage.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Review
- Important role of microglia in HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders and the molecular pathways implicated in its pathogenesis.Annals of medicine · 2021Review
- Combined cART including Tenofovir Disoproxil, Emtricitabine, and Dolutegravir has potent therapeutic effects in HIV-1 infected humanized mice.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Past HIV-1 Medications and the Current Status of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Options for HIV-1 Patients.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewTo summarize the evidence in the literature that supports the central nervous system (CNS) as a viral reservoir for HIV-1 and to prioritize future research efforts. RECENT
findingsHIV-1 DNA has been detected in brain tissue of patients with undetectable viral load or neurocognitive disorders, and is associated with long-lived cells such as astrocytes and microglia. In neurocognitively normal patients, HIV-1 can be found at high frequency in these cells (4% of astrocytes and 20% of macrophages). CNS cells have unique molecular mechanisms to suppress viral replication and induce latency, which include increased expression of dominant negative transcription factors and suppressive epigenetic factors. There is also evidence of continued inflammation in patients lacking a CNS viral load, suggesting the production and activity of viral neurotoxins (for example, Tat). SUMMARY: Together, these findings provide evidence that the CNS can potentially act as a viral reservoir of HIV-1. However, the majority of these studies were performed in historical cohorts (absence of combination antiretroviral therapy or presence of viral load), which do not reflect modern day patients (combination antiretroviral therapy-treated and undetectable viral load). Future studies will need to examine patient samples with these characteristics to conclusively determine whether the CNS represents a relevant and important viral reservoir.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.