Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25311633›Full record

Trial reportEuropean journal of heart failure2014

Chocolate consumption and risk of heart failure in the Physicians' Health Study.

Andrew B Petrone, J Michael Gaziano, Luc Djoussé

Open access · greenAbstract readClinical TrialRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in European journal of heart failure, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Andrew B PetroneDivision of Aging and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont St. 3rd floor, Boston, MA, 02120, USA; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC) and Geriatric Research (GRECC), Boston, MA, USA.
J Michael Gaziano
Luc Djoussé
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USGeriatric Research Education and Clinical Center · US

Funding

Physicians' Health Study II: Prevention Trial of VitaminsR01CA097193 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI GAZIANO, J. MICHAEL · 2002 to 2011
$15.7M
RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF ASPIRIN AND MORTALITYR01CA040360 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BURING, JULIE E · 1985 to 2002
$775k
Red Blood Cell Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Coronary Artery DiseaseR21HL088081 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI DJOUSSE, LUC · 2009 to 2010
$484k
TRIAL OF ASPIRIN AND BETA-CAROTENE IN U S MD'SR01HL034595 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BURING, JULIE E · 1985 to 1991
–
NCI NIH HHS CA-097193NCI NIH HHS CA-34944NCI NIH HHS CA-40360NCI NIH HHS R01 CA034944NCI NIH HHS R01 CA040360NCI NIH HHS R01 CA097193NHLBI NIH HHS HL-26490NHLBI NIH HHS HL-34595NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL026490NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL034595NHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL088081
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo test the hypothesis that chocolate consumption is associated with a lower risk of heart failure (HF). METHODS AND

resultsWe prospectively studied 20 278 men from the Physicians' Health Study. Chocolate consumption was assessed between 1999 and 2002 via a self-administered food frequency questionnaire and HF was ascertained through annual follow-up questionnaires with validation in a subsample. We used Cox regression to estimate multivariable adjusted relative risk of HF. During a mean follow-up of 9.3 years there were 876 new cases of HF. The mean age at baseline was 66.4 ± 9.2 years. Hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for HF were 1.0 (ref), 0.86 (0.72-1.03), 0.80 (0.66-0.98), 0.92 (0.74-1.13), and 0.82 (0.63-1.07), for chocolate consumption of less than 1/month, 1-3/week, 2-4/week, and 5+/week, respectively, after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol, exercise, energy intake, and history of atrial fibrillation (P for quadratic trend = 0.62). In a secondary analysis, chocolate consumption was inversely associated with risk of HF in men whose BMI was <25 kg/m(2) [HR (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.37-0.94) for consumption of 5+ servings/week, P for linear trend = 0.03) but not in those with BMI of 25+ kg/m(2) [HR (95% CI) = 1.01 (0.73-1.39), P for linear trend = 0.42, P for interaction = 0.17).

conclusionsOur data suggest that moderate consumption of chocolate might be associated with a lower risk of HF in male physicians.

Indexed as

CacaoCandyAgedAged, 80 and overAspirinBlood PressureCohort StudiesDiet SurveysDouble-Blind MethodFlavonoidsHeart FailureHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhysiciansProportional Hazards ModelsAspirinFlavonoidsEpidemiologyHeart failureNutritionRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID25311633
PMCPMC4646420
OpenAlexW2148927218

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.