ArticleEndocrinology2015
Expression and distribution of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor mRNA, protein and binding in the male nonhuman primate (Macaca mulatta) brain.
Article in Endocrinology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists on substance use disorder (SUD)-related behavioural effects of drugs and alcohol: A systematic review.Physiology & behavior · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on pro-inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in individuals with alcohol use disorder: Post hoc results from a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Trial
- Exenatide once weekly for alcohol use disorder investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Review
- Metabolic Modulation in Cancer Care: The Potential Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Review
- The central amygdala gates exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 signals.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Semaglutide drives weight loss through cAMP-dependent mechanisms in GLP1R-expressing hindbrain neurons.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- GLP-1 and Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Biology, Mechanisms and Efficacy.Cells · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Brain: Exploring the Expanding Role and Safety in Neuropsychiatry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Evaluating the impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists in combination with total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.The British journal of surgery · 2026Review
- Atlas of GLP-1 expression in the mouse brain: Neuroanatomical basis for metabolic and psychiatric effects.Brain medicine : from neurons to behavior and better health · 2026Article
- Chronic semaglutide treatment enhances the incentive motivational value of a small food reward and associated cue in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Survodutide acts through circumventricular organs in the brain and activates neuronal regions associated with appetite regulation.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Obesity-Induced Respiratory Pathophysiology.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and clinical implications of gut-brain interactions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of modulating endogenous PYY expression for controlling overweight and obesity: a narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Neurological Disorders: From Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Repurposing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.Nature aging · 2026Review
- Revisiting food addiction in the era of GLP-1-based obesity pharmacotherapy via neural reward pathways linking feeding and substance use.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released from endocrine L-cells lining the gut in response to food ingestion. However, GLP-1 is also produced in the nucleus of the solitary tract, where it acts as an anorectic neurotransmitter and key regulator of many autonomic and neuroendocrine functions. The expression and projections of GLP-1-producing neurons is highly conserved between rodent and primate brain, although a few key differences have been identified. The GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has been mapped in the rodent brain, but no studies have described the distribution of GLP-1Rs in the nonhuman primate central nervous system. Here, we characterized the distribution of GLP-1R mRNA and protein in the adult macaque brain using in situ hybridization, radioligand receptor autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry with a primate specific GLP-1R antibody. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the GLP-1R is localized to cell bodies and fiber terminals in a very selective distribution throughout the brain. Consistent with the functional role of the GLP-1R system, we find the highest concentration of GLP-1R-immunoreactivity present in select hypothalamic and brainstem regions that regulate feeding, including the paraventricular and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei, as well as the area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Together, our data demonstrate that GLP-1R distribution is highly conserved between rodent and primate, although a few key species differences were identified, including the amygdala, where GLP-1R expression is much higher in primate than in rodent.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.