Evidence mapPaperPMID 25387363Full record

Trial reportMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)2015

ARA 290, a nonerythropoietic peptide engineered from erythropoietin, improves metabolic control and neuropathic symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Michael Brines, Ann N Dunne, Monique van Velzen, Paolo L Proto, Claes-Goran Ostenson, Rita I Kirk, Ioannis N Petropoulos, Saad Javed, Rayaz A Malik, Anthony Cerami and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIControlled Clinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Peptide-Based Approaches for Pain Relief and Healing in Wounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Diabetic neuropathy: cutting-edge research and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Practical Guidance and Challenges for Clinical Management.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.

Michael BrinesAraim Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
Ann N DunneAraim Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
Monique van VelzenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Paolo L ProtoDepartment of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Claes-Goran OstensonDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Rita I KirkAraim Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
Ioannis N PetropoulosCentre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Saad JavedCentre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Rayaz A MalikCentre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Anthony CeramiAraim Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
Albert DahanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Araim Pharmaceuticals (United States) · USLeiden University Medical Center · NLManchester Academic Health Science Centre · GBKarolinska Institutet · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although erythropoietin ameliorates experimental type 2 diabetes with neuropathy, serious side effects limit its potential clinical use. ARA 290, a nonhematopoietic peptide designed from the structure of erythropoietin, interacts selectively with the innate repair receptor that mediates tissue protection. ARA 290 has shown efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies of metabolic control and neuropathy. To evaluate the potential activity of ARA 290 in type 2 diabetes and painful neuropathy, subjects were enrolled in this phase 2 study. ARA 290 (4 mg) or placebo were self-administered subcutaneously daily for 28 d and the subjects followed for an additional month without further treatment. No potential safety issues were identified. Subjects receiving ARA 290 exhibited an improvement in hemoglobin A(1c) (Hb A(1c)) and lipid profiles throughout the 56 d observation period. Neuropathic symptoms as assessed by the PainDetect questionnaire improved significantly in the ARA 290 group. Mean corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) was reduced significantly compared with normal controls and subjects with a mean CNFD >1 standard deviation from normal showed a significant increase in CNFD compared with no change in the placebo group. These observations suggest that ARA 290 may benefit both metabolic control and neuropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes and deserves continued clinical evaluation.

Indexed as

AgedDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NeuropathiesDouble-Blind MethodErythropoietinFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansLipidsMaleMiddle AgedOligopeptidescibinetideErythropoietinGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanLipidsOligopeptides

Identifiers

PMID25387363
PMCPMC4365069
OpenAlexW2280443851

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.