Observational studyReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2014
The effectiveness of flow cytometric sorting of human sperm (MicroSort®) for influencing a child's sex.
Observational study in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00865735 ([Trial of device that is not approved or cleared by the U.S. FDA]), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
[Trial of device that is not approved or cleared by the U.S. FDA]
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A non-randomized clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of a novel sperm sex selection technique.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Regulations Governing Sex Selection in Bangladesh: Implications of Islamic Law and Ethics.Asian bioethics review · 2026Article
- Sperm Sexing in Selected Animals and Humans: Methods, Applications, and Future Prospects.Andrology · 2026Review
- Bovine sperm-oviduct interactions are characterized by specific sperm behaviour, ultrastructure and tubal reactions which are impacted by sex sorting.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Bovine sperm sex-selection technology in Japan.Reproductive medicine and biology · 2019Review
- Recent advances in understanding and managing male infertility.F1000Research · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFlow cytometric sorting can be used to separate sperm based on sex chromosome content. Differential fluorescence emitted by stained X- vs. Y-chromosome-bearing sperm enables sorting and collection of samples enriched in either X- or Y-bearing sperm for use to influence the likelihood that the offspring will be a particular sex. Herein we report the effectiveness of flow cytometric sorting of human sperm and its use in human ART procedures.
methodsThis prospective, observational cohort study of the series of subjects treated with flow cytometrically sorted human sperm was conducted at investigational sites at two private reproductive centers. After meeting inclusion criteria, married couples (n = 4993) enrolled to reduce the likelihood of sex-linked or sex-limited disease in future children (n = 383) or to balance the sex ratio of their children (n = 4610). Fresh or frozen-thawed semen was processed and recovered sperm were stained with Hoechst 33342 and sorted by flow cytometry (n = 7718) to increase the percentage of X-bearing sperm (n = 5635) or Y-bearing sperm (n = 2083) in the sorted specimen. Sorted sperm were used for IUI (n = 4448) and IVF/ICSI (n = 2957). Measures of effectiveness were the percentage of X- and Y-bearing sperm in sorted samples, determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization, sex of babies born, IVF/ICSI fertilization- and cleavage rates, and IUI, IVF/ICSI, FET pregnancy rates and miscarriage rates.
resultsSorted specimens averaged 87.7 ± 5.0% X-bearing sperm after sorting for X and 74.3 ± 7.0% Y-bearing sperm after sorting for Y. Seventy-three percent of sorts were for girls. For babies born, 93.5% were females and 85.3% were males after sorting for X- and Y-bearing sperm, respectively. IUI, IVF/ICSI, and FET clinical pregnancy rates were 14.7%, 30.8%, and 32.1%, respectively; clinical miscarriage rates were 15.5%, 10.2%, and 12.7%.
conclusionsFlow cytometric sorting of human sperm shifted the X:Y sperm ratio. IUI, IVF/ICSI and FET outcomes were consistent with unimpaired sperm function. Results provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of flow cytometric sorting of human sperm for use as a preconception method of influencing a baby's sex.
trial registrationNCT00865735 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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