Trial reportClinical and experimental immunology2015
Controlled infection with a therapeutic virus defines the activation kinetics of human natural killer cells in vivo.
Trial report in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oncolytic viruses: advanced strategies in cancer therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Oncolytic reovirus: tumor-microenvironment remodeling, engineering constraints, and translational strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Oncolytic Maraba Virus MG1 Mediates Direct and Natural Killer Cell-Dependent Lysis of Ewing Sarcoma.Cancers · 2025Article
- Oncolytic adenovirus serotype 35 mediated tumor growth suppressionJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Review
- Combination of pembrolizumab and pelareorep promotes anti-tumour immunity in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC).British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Efficacy of coxsackievirus A21 against drug-resistant neoplastic B cells.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Article
- Charting a killer course to the solid tumor: strategies to recruit and activate NK cells in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Comprehensive genetic and functional analyses of Fc gamma receptors influence on response to rituximab therapy for autoimmunity.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Oncolytic virus treatment differentially affects the CD56Immunology · 2022Article
- Remodeling the tumor microenvironment by oncolytic viruses: beyond oncolysis of tumor cells for cancer treatment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Review
- Reovirus enhances cytotoxicity of natural killer cells against colorectal cancer via TLR3 pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- The role of NK cells in oncolytic viral therapy: a focus on hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of translational genetics and genomics · 2021Article
- Past, Present and Future of Oncolytic Reovirus.Cancers · 2020Review
- Expression profiling of single cells and patient cohorts identifies multiple immunosuppressive pathways and an altered NK cell phenotype in glioblastoma.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Article
- NK Cells Augment Oncolytic Adenovirus Cytotoxicity in Ovarian Cancer.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2020Article
- Pembrolizumab in Combination with the Oncolytic Virus Pelareorep and Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Phase Ib Study.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Article
- Enhanced Killing of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Reassortant Reovirus and Topoisomerase Inhibitors.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Plasmacytoid dendritic cells orchestrate innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity induced by oncolytic coxsackievirus A21.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in anti-viral immunity. However, studying their activation kinetics during infection is highly problematic. A clinical trial of a therapeutic virus provided an opportunity to study human NK cell activation in vivo in a controlled manner. Ten colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases received between one and five doses of oncolytic reovirus prior to surgical resection of their tumour. NK cell surface expression of the interferon-inducible molecules CD69 and tetherin peaked 24-48 h post-infection, coincident with a peak of interferon-induced gene expression. The interferon response and NK cell activation were transient, declining by 96 h post-infection. Furthermore, neither NK cell activation nor the interferon response were sustained in patients undergoing multiple rounds of virus treatment. These results show that reovirus modulates human NK cell activity in vivo and suggest that this may contribute to any therapeutic effect of this oncolytic virus. Detection of a single, transient peak of activation, despite multiple treatment rounds, has implications for the design of reovirus-based therapy. Furthermore, our results suggest the existence of a post-infection refractory period when the interferon response and NK cell activation are blunted. This refractory period has been observed previously in animal models and may underlie the enhanced susceptibility to secondary infections that is seen following viral infection.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.