ArticleJournal of endocrinology, diabetes & obesity2014
Frailty Attenuates the Impact of Metformin on Reducing Mortality in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.
Article in Journal of endocrinology, diabetes & obesity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized-Controlled Trial of Metformin to Prevent Frailty in Pre-frail Elderly
The Effect of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Enzyme on Frailty and Health Related Quality of Life Among Indonesian Pre-frail Elderly: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frailty measurement, prevalence, incidence, and clinical implications in people with diabetes: a systematic review and study-level meta-analysis.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2020Pooled it
- Relationship between frailty and mortality, hospitalization, and cardiovascular diseases in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2019Pooled it
- Diabetes Treatment in the Elderly: Incorporating Geriatrics, Technology, and Functional Medicine.Current diabetes reports · 2018Pooled it
- Associations between multimorbidity, all-cause mortality and glycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Association of Intensive Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions With Frailty in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Trial
- Adipose immune microenvironment: catalyst of age-related adipose tissue dysfunction.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Adipose tissue ageing: implications for metabolic health and lifespan.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Practical Considerations in the Management of Frail Older People with Diabetes.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Frailty incidence by diabetes treatment regimens in older adults with diabetes mellitus in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly Study.GeroScience · 2025Observational
- Frailty incidence by diabetes treatment regimens in older adults with diabetes mellitus in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly Study.GeroScience · 2025Observational
- Impact of frailty on mortality, hospitalization, cardiovascular events, and complications in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Drugs Targeting Mechanisms of Aging to Delay Age-Related Disease and Promote Healthspan: Proceedings of a National Institute on Aging Workshop.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Association of metformin exposure with low risks of frailty and adverse outcomes in patients with diabetes.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Public Health Need, Molecular Targets, and Opportunities for the Accelerated Development of Function-Promoting Therapies: Proceedings of a National Institute on Aging Workshop.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Article
- Epigenetic regulation of aging: implications for interventions of aging and diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Hypoglycaemic therapy in frail older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a choice determined by metabolic phenotype.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2022Review
- Physiological Systems in Promoting Frailty.Comprehensive Physiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: clinical considerations and management.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Frailty and HIV: Moving from Characterization to Intervention.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether the protective effect of metformin against death is modified by frailty status in older adults with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe conducted a cohort study during October 1, 1999-September 30, 2006 among veterans aged 65-89 years old with type 2 diabetes but without history of liver, renal diseases, or cancers, who had sulfonylureas or metformin as the sole antidiabetic drug for ≥180 days. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to compare hazard rates of all-cause mortality between the metformin and sulfonylurea users adjusting for the propensity score of metformin use and covariates: age, race/ethnicity, diabetes duration, Charlson comorbidity score, statin use, smoking status, BMI, LDL, and HbA1c.
resultsIn this cohort of 2,415 veterans, 307 (12.7%) were metformin users, 2,108 (87.3%) were sulfonylurea users, the mean age was 73.7±5.2 years, the mean study period was 5.6±2.3 years, the mean HbA1c at baseline was 6.7±1.0%, 23% had diabetes for ≥10 years, and 43.6% (N=1,048) died during the study period. For patients with and without frailty, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of death for metformin vs. sulfonylurea use were 0.92 (95% CI=0.90-1.31, p-value=0.19) and 0.69 (95% CI = 0.60-0.79, p-value<0.001), respectively. Logistic regression analyses showed that metformin (vs. sulfonylurea) was significantly associated with a decreased odds of frailty (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.61-0.71, p-value <.0001).
conclusionOur study suggests that metformin could potentially promote longevity via preventing frailty in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25506599PMC4264048W10181678What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.