ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
CXCL9 contributes to antimicrobial protection of the gut during citrobacter rodentium infection independent of chemokine-receptor signaling.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proton-activated chloride channel governs phagosome-mediated antibacterial immunity in peritoneal macrophages.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Chemokines kill bacteria without triggering antimicrobial resistance by binding anionic phospholipids.Science advances · 2025Article
- Phagosome-mediated anti-bacterial immunity is governed by the proton-activated chloride channel in peritoneal macrophages.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Systemic autoimmune abnormalities alter the morphology of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues in the rectum of MRL/MpJ-FasExperimental animals · 2024Article
- Chemokine profile in the serum of patients with leptospirosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Repeated Social Defeat Stress Induces an Inflammatory Gut Milieu by Altering the Mucosal Barrier Integrity and Gut Microbiota Homeostasis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Gut microbiota, circulating inflammatory markers and metabolites, and carotid artery atherosclerosis in HIV infection.Microbiome · 2023Article
- Omptin Proteases of Enterobacterales Show Conserved Regulation by the PhoPQ Two-Component System but Exhibit Divergent Protection from Antimicrobial Host Peptides and Complement.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Disparate Regions of the Human Chemokine CXCL10 Exhibit Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity against Biodefense and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens.ACS infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Markers of immune dysregulation in response to the ageing gut: insights from aged murine gut microbiota transplants.BMC gastroenterology · 2022Article
- A Special Network Comprised of Macrophages, Epithelial Cells, and Gut Microbiota for Gut Homeostasis.Cells · 2022Review
- CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 as biomarkers of liver injury caused by chronic hepatitis B.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- A Teleost CXCL10 Is Both an Immunoregulator and an Antimicrobial.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Cytokines Induced byBiomolecules · 2021Article
- Shifts in microbial diversity, composition, and functionality in the gut and genital microbiome during a natural SIV infection in vervet monkeys.Microbiome · 2020Article
- Article
- Sensory Nociceptive Neurons Contribute to Host Protection During Enteric Infection With Citrobacter rodentium.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Phage Therapy of Pneumonia Is Not Associated with an Overstimulation of the Inflammatory Response Compared to Antibiotic Treatment in Mice.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities of antimicrobial chemokines.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2019Review
- G.I. pros: Antimicrobial defense in the gastrointestinal tract.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chemokines have been shown to be effective bactericidal molecules against a variety of bacteria and fungi in vitro. These direct antimicrobial effects are independent of their chemotactic activities involving immunological receptors. However, the direct biological role that these proteins may play in host defense, particularly against intestinal pathogens, is poorly understood. Here, we show that CXCL9, an ELR- chemokine, exhibits direct antimicrobial activity against Citrobacter rodentium, an attaching/effacing pathogen that infects the gut mucosa. Inhibition of this antimicrobial activity in vivo using anti-CXCL9 antibodies increases host susceptibility to C. rodentium infection with pronounced bacterial penetration into crypts, increased bacterial load, and worsened tissue pathology. Using Rag1(-/-) mice and CXCR3(-/-) mice, we demonstrate that the role for CXCL9 in protecting the gut mucosa is independent of an adaptive response or its immunological receptor, CXCR3. Finally, we provide evidence that phagocytes function in tandem with NK cells for robust CXCL9 responses to C. rodentium. These findings identify a novel role for the immune cell-derived CXCL9 chemokine in directing a protective antimicrobial response in the intestinal mucosa.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.