ReviewEuropean journal of applied physiology2015
Factors affecting the energy cost of level running at submaximal speed.
Review in European journal of applied physiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Economical Speed and Energetically Optimal Transition Speed Evaluated by Gross and Net Oxygen Cost of Transport at Different Gradients.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Determination of the Cutoff Frequency of Smoothing Filters for Center of Pressure (COP) Data via Kinetic Energy in Standing Dogs.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Modeling lactate threshold in cycling-influence of sex, maximal oxygen uptake, and cost of cycling in young athletes.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- Sprinters' and Marathon Runners' Performances Are Better Explained by Muscle Fibers' Percentage Cross-Sectional Area than Any Other Parameter of Muscle Fiber Composition.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Energy cost of running uphill as compared to running on the level with impeding horizontal forces.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Lower-Body Flexibility and Running Performance in a Half Marathon Downhill Running Event.International journal of exercise science · 2025Article
- Modeling lactate threshold in young squad athletes: influence of sex, maximal oxygen uptake, and cost of running.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Article
- Mechanical energy on anaerobic capacity during a supramaximal treadmill running in men: Is there influence between runners and active individuals?Physiological reports · 2023Article
- The Energetic Costs of Uphill Locomotion in Trail Running: Physiological Consequences Due to Uphill Locomotion Pattern-A Feasibility Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Acute effects of a 60-min time trial on power-related parameters in trained endurance runners.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Comparison of physiological responses of running on a nonmotorized and conventional motor-propelled treadmill at similar intensities.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Review
- Neuromuscular, biomechanical, and energetic adjustments following repeated bouts of downhill running.Journal of sport and health science · 2022Article
- Is a sub 7-h IronmanFrontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
- Do Sex Differences in Physiology Confer a Female Advantage in Ultra-Endurance Sport?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Review
- Energetics and Biomechanics of Running Footwear with Increased Longitudinal Bending Stiffness: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Review
- Insights into extrinsic foot muscle activation during a 75 min run using T2 mapping.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Gross and delta efficiencies during uphill running and cycling among elite triathletes.European journal of applied physiology · 2020Article
- Eliminating high-intensity activity during growth reduces mechanical power capacity but not submaximal metabolic cost in a bipedal animal model.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2020Article
- Physiological Predictors of Maximal Incremental Running Performance.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metabolic measurement is still the criterion for investigation of the efficiency of mechanical work and for analysis of endurance performance in running. Metabolic demand may be expressed either as the energy spent per unit distance (energy cost of running, C r) or as energy demand at a given running speed (running economy). Systematic studies showed a range of costs of about 20 % between runners. Factors affecting C r include body dimensions: body mass and leg architecture, mostly calcaneal tuberosity length, responsible for 60-80 % of the variability. Children show a higher C r than adults. Higher resting metabolism and lower leg length/stature ratio are the main putative factors responsible for the difference. Elastic energy storage and reuse also contribute to the variability of C r. The increase in C r with increasing running speed due to increase in mechanical work is blunted till 6-7 m s(-1) by the increase in vertical stiffness and the decrease in ground contact time. Fatigue induced by prolonged or intense running is associated with up to 10 % increased C r; the contribution of metabolic and biomechanical factors remains unclear. Women show a C r similar to men of similar body mass, despite differences in gait pattern. The superiority of black African runners is presumably related to their leg architecture and better elastic energy storage and reuse.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.