Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25805666›Full record

ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2015

Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease.

André J Scheen

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
87citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

87 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  12. Safety and Effectiveness of Bexagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Stage 3a/3b CKD.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2019
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  20. Role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in liver diseases.World journal of experimental medicine · 2025
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27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

André J ScheenDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium, andre.scheen@chu.ulg.ac.be.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporters type 2 (SGLT2) are proposed as a novel approach for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. SGLT2 cotransporters are responsible for reabsorption of 90 % of the glucose filtered by the kidney. The glucuretic effect resulting from SGLT2 inhibition contributes to reduce hyperglycaemia and also assists weight loss and blood pressure reduction. Several SGLT2 inhibitors are already available in many countries (dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin) and in Japan (ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin). These SGLT2 inhibitors share similar pharmacokinetic characteristics with a rapid oral absorption, a long elimination half-life allowing once-daily administration, an extensive hepatic metabolism mainly via glucuronidation to inactive metabolites and a low renal elimination as a parent drug. Pharmacokinetic parameters are slightly altered in the case of chronic kidney disease (CKD). While no dose adjustment is required in the case of mild CKD, SGLT2 inhibitors may not be used or only at a lower daily dose in patients with moderate CKD. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamic response to SGLT2 inhibitors as assessed by urinary glucose excretion declines with increasing severity of renal impairment as assessed by a reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Nevertheless, the glucose-lowering efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors are almost comparable in patients with mild CKD as in patients with normal kidney function. In patients with moderate CKD, the efficacy tends to be dampened and safety concerns may occur. In patients with severe CKD, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors is contraindicated. Thus, prescribing information should be consulted regarding dosage adjustments or restrictions in the case of renal dysfunction for each SGLT2 inhibitor. The clinical impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on renal function and their potential to influence the course of diabetic nephropathy deserve attention because of preliminary favourable results in animal models.

Indexed as

Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsBenzhydryl CompoundsCanagliflozinDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2GlucosidesGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRenal Insufficiency, ChronicSodium-Glucose Transporter 2ThiophenesBenzhydryl CompoundsCanagliflozindapagliflozinempagliflozinGlucosidesGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsipragliflozinSLC5A2 protein, humanSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsThiophenes

Identifiers

PMID25805666

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.