Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25833405›Full record

SynthesisClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2015

Statins and Cardiovascular Primary Prevention in CKD: A Meta-Analysis.

Rupert W Major, Chee Kay Cheung, Laura J Gray, Nigel J Brunskill

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: a clinical perspective.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors - 2022.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2022
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2021
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rupert W MajorThe John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom; and Departments of Health Sciences, and rm157@le.ac.uk.
Chee Kay CheungInfection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom The John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom; and.
Laura J GrayDepartments of Health Sciences, and.
Nigel J BrunskillInfection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom The John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom; and.
University of Leicester · GBLeicester General Hospital · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council G0500688
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesMultiple meta-analyses of lipid-lowering therapies for cardiovascular primary prevention in the general population have been performed. Other meta-analyses of lipid-lowering therapies in CKD have also been performed, but not for primary prevention. This meta-analysis assesses lipid-lowering therapies for cardiovascular primary prevention in CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: A systematic review and meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed. MEDLINE was searched between January 2012 and September 2013 for new studies using predefined search criteria without language restrictions. A number of other sources including previously published meta-analyses were also reviewed. Inclusion criteria were randomized control trials of primary prevention with lipid-lowering therapy in non-end stage CKD.

resultsSix trials were identified, five including patients with stage 3 CKD only. These studies included 8834 participants and 32,846 person-years of follow-up. All trials were post hoc subgroup analyses of statins in the general population. Statins reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease (the prespecified primary outcome) by 41% in stages 1-3 CKD compared with placebo (pooled risk ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.48 to 0.72). For the secondary outcomes, the risk ratios were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.88) for total mortality, 0.55 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.72) for coronary heart disease events, and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.28 to 1.13) for stroke. In study participants with stage 3 CKD specifically, the results were similar.

conclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that the use of statins in CKD for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is effective. These findings are consistent with recent guidance for the use of statins in all patients with CKD.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCoronary DiseaseHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsPrimary PreventionRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRenal Insufficiency, ChronicStrokeHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitorscardiovascular diseaseCKDstatins

Identifiers

PMID25833405
PMCPMC4422238
OpenAlexW2111963345

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.