Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25934864›Full record

Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2015

Effects of the pure flavonoids epicatechin and quercetin on vascular function and cardiometabolic health: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

James I Dower, Johanna M Geleijnse, Lieke Gijsbers, Peter L Zock, Daan Kromhout, Peter C H Hollman

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01691404 (Study on the Effects of Epicatechin and Quercetin Supplementation on Vascular Function and Blood Pressure in Untreated), which is not on this map. Cited by 85 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
19.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01691404 nacompletednot on this map

Study on the Effects of Epicatechin and Quercetin Supplementation on Vascular Function and Blood Pressure in Untreated (Pre)Hypertensive Subjects

TypeinterventionalSponsorWageningen UniversityRan2012 to 2013Enrolled38ConditionsHypertension, Endothelial DysfunctionArmsEpicatechin, Quercetin, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.

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25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

James I DowerFrom Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ).
Johanna M GeleijnseFrom Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ).
Lieke GijsbersFrom Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ).
Peter L ZockFrom Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ).
Daan KromhoutFrom Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ).
Peter C H HollmanFrom Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, PLZ, and PCHH); the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (JID, JMG, LG, DK, and PCHH); and Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (PLZ).
Unilever (Netherlands) · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundProspective cohort studies showed inverse associations between the intake of flavonoid-rich foods (cocoa and tea) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intervention studies showed protective effects on intermediate markers of CVD. This may be due to the protective effects of the flavonoids epicatechin (in cocoa and tea) and quercetin (in tea).

objectiveWe investigated the effects of supplementation of pure epicatechin and quercetin on vascular function and cardiometabolic health.

designThirty-seven apparently healthy men and women aged 40-80 y with a systolic blood pressure (BP) between 125 and 160 mm Hg at screening were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. CVD risk factors were measured before and after 4 wk of daily flavonoid supplementation. Participants received (-)-epicatechin (100 mg/d), quercetin-3-glucoside (160 mg/d), or placebo capsules for 4 wk in random order. The primary outcome was the change in flow-mediated dilation from pre- to postintervention. Secondary outcomes included other markers of CVD risk and vascular function.

resultsEpicatechin supplementation did not change flow-mediated dilation significantly (1.1% absolute; 95% CI: -0.1%, 2.3%; P = 0.07). Epicatechin supplementation improved fasting plasma insulin (Δ insulin: -1.46 mU/L; 95% CI: -2.74, -0.18 mU/L; P = 0.03) and insulin resistance (Δ homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: -0.38; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.01; P = 0.04) and had no effect on fasting plasma glucose. Epicatechin did not change BP (office BP and 24-h ambulatory BP), arterial stiffness, nitric oxide, endothelin 1, or blood lipid profile. Quercetin-3-glucoside supplementation had no effect on flow-mediated dilation, insulin resistance, or other CVD risk factors.

conclusionsOur results suggest that epicatechin may in part contribute to the cardioprotective effects of cocoa and tea by improving insulin resistance. It is unlikely that quercetin plays an important role in the cardioprotective effects of tea. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01691404.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overBlood PressureCacaoCardiovascular DiseasesCatechinCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodEndothelin-1Endothelium, VascularFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansCatechinCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLEndothelin-1InsulinisoquercitrinNitric OxideQuercetinTeaTriglyceridesclinical trialcocoaCVDepicatechinflavonoidsflow-mediated dilationinsulin resistancequercetinteavascular function

Identifiers

PMID25934864
OpenAlexW2007885533

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.