Evidence mapPaperPMID 25980755Full record

Trial reportGastroenterology2015

Delayed Gastric Emptying Is Associated With Early and Long-term Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Adil E Bharucha, Barbara Batey-Schaefer, Patricia A Cleary, Joseph A Murray, Catherine Cowie, Gayle Lorenzi, Marsha Driscoll, Judy Harth, Mary Larkin, Marielle Christofi and 11 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Gastroenterology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00360815 nacompletednot on this map

Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)Ran1983 to 1993Enrolled1,441ConditionsType 1 Diabetes MellitusArmsInsulin
NCT00360893 active not recruitingnot on this map

Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC)

TypeobservationalSponsorGeorge Washington UniversityRan1994 to 2027Enrolled1,441ConditionsType 1 Diabetes Mellitus
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  8. Review
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  10. Observational
  11. Review
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  16. Utility of aNeurogastroenterology and motility · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Medications that Regulate Gastrointestinal Transit Influence Inpatient Blood Glucose.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.

Adil E BharuchaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address: bharucha.adil@mayo.edu.
Barbara Batey-SchaeferDivision of Endocrinology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
Patricia A ClearyBiostatistics Center, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
Joseph A MurrayDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Catherine CowieDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Washington, District of Columbia.
Gayle LorenziDivision of Endocrinology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California.
Marsha DriscollDivision of Endocrinology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Judy HarthDivision of Endocrinology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Mary LarkinDiabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Marielle ChristofiDiabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Margaret BaylessDivision of Endocrinology, University of Iowa General Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa.
Nyra WimmergrenDivision of Endocrinology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
William HermanDivision of Endocrinology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Fred WhitehouseDepartment of Endocrinology, Henry Ford Medical-New Center One, Detroit, Michigan.
Kim JonesDepartment of Endocrinology, Henry Ford Medical-New Center One, Detroit, Michigan.
Davida KrugerDepartment of Endocrinology, Henry Ford Medical-New Center One, Detroit, Michigan.
Cathy MartinDivision of Endocrinology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Georgia ZieglerDivision of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Alan R ZinsmeisterDivision of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
David M NathanDiabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial–Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group
Mayo Clinic · USHenry Ford Hospital · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USUniversity of Michigan · USWestern University · CAGeorge Washington University · USNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases · USNorthwestern University · USUniversity of California San Diego · USUniversity of Iowa · USUniversity of Minnesota · US

Funding

Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) StudyU01DK094157 · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$8.0M
Continuation of Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study Biostatistics CenterU01DK094176 · NIDDK · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ionut Bebu, Barbara Halina Braffett · 2022 to 2022
$4.3M
Pathobiology of the Enteric SystemP01DK068055 · MAYO CLINIC · 2004 to 2005
$2.5M
NIDDK NIH HHS P01 DK068055NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK094157NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK094176
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND &

aimsAfter the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study continued to show persistent benefit of prior intensive therapy on neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). The relationship between control of glycemia and gastric emptying (GE) is unclear.

methodsWe assessed GE with a (13)C-spirulina breath test and symptoms in 78 participants with type 1 diabetes at year 20 of EDIC. The relationship between delayed GE and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), complications of DM, and gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated.

resultsGE was normal (37 participants; 50%), delayed (35 participants; 47%), or rapid (2 participants; 3%). The latest mean HbA1c was 7.7%. In univariate analyses, delayed GE was associated with greater DCCT baseline HbA1c and duration of DM before DCCT (P ≤ .04), greater mean HbA1c over an average of 27 years of follow-up evaluation (during DCCT-EDIC, P = .01), lower R-R variability during deep breathing (P = .03) and severe nephropathy (P = .05), and a greater composite upper gastrointestinal symptom score (P < .05). In multivariate models, retinopathy was the only complication of DM associated with delayed GE. Separately, DCCT baseline HbA1c (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.3) and duration of DM (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.01-1.3) before DCCT entry and mean HbA1c during DCCT-EDIC (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.04-4.5) were associated independently with delayed GE.

conclusionsIn the DCCT/EDIC study, delayed GE was remarkably common and associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and with measures of early and long-term hyperglycemia. ClinicalTrials.gov numbers NCT00360815 and NCT00360893.

Indexed as

Gastric EmptyingBlood GlucoseCase-Control StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1FemaleGastroparesisGlycated HemoglobinHumansHyperglycemiaMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsTime FactorsBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinDiabetic GastroparesisGlycemic ControlHbA1cNeuropathy

Identifiers

PMID25980755
PMCPMC4516593
OpenAlexW1836662115

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.