Evidence mapPaperPMID 26005197Full record

ReviewCytokine & growth factor reviews2015

Cytokines in atherosclerosis: Key players in all stages of disease and promising therapeutic targets.

Dipak P Ramji, Thomas S Davies

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cytokine & growth factor reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
238citing papers in PubMed
15.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

238 citing papers in PubMed, 465 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Somatic morbidity in bipolar disorders.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2026
    Article
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  4. Aortic Atherosclerosis: An Updated Review of Current Guidelines and Management Approach-A Literature Review.The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc · 2026
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  8. Review
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  10. Monocytes/Macrophages and Atherogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
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  15. Article
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178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dipak P RamjiCardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK. Electronic address: Ramji@Cardiff.ac.uk.
Thomas S DaviesCardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
Cardiff University · GB

Funding

British Heart Foundation PG/10/55/28467British Heart Foundation PG/12/50/29691
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the arteries, is responsible for most deaths in westernized societies with numbers increasing at a marked rate in developing countries. The disease is initiated by the activation of the endothelium by various risk factors leading to chemokine-mediated recruitment of immune cells. The uptake of modified lipoproteins by macrophages along with defective cholesterol efflux gives rise to foam cells associated with the fatty streak in the early phase of the disease. As the disease progresses, complex fibrotic plaques are produced as a result of lysis of foam cells, migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and continued inflammatory response. Such plaques are stabilized by the extracellular matrix produced by smooth muscle cells and destabilized by matrix metalloproteinase from macrophages. Rupture of unstable plaques and subsequent thrombosis leads to clinical complications such as myocardial infarction. Cytokines are involved in all stages of atherosclerosis and have a profound influence on the pathogenesis of this disease. This review will describe our current understanding of the roles of different cytokines in atherosclerosis together with therapeutic approaches aimed at manipulating their actions.

Indexed as

AnimalsAtherosclerosisChemokinesCytokinesEndothelium, VascularExtracellular MatrixHumansInflammationLipoproteinsMacrophagesMatrix MetalloproteinasesMiceMolecular Targeted TherapyMuscle, Smooth, VascularMyocardial InfarctionChemokinesCytokinesLipoproteinsMatrix MetalloproteinasesAtherosclerosisChemokinesCytokinesInflammationTherapeutic avenues

Identifiers

PMID26005197
PMCPMC4671520
OpenAlexW1840986526

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.